Mizzou Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The University of Missouri is a public research university with an acceptance rate of 78%. Located in Columbia, Missouri, Mizzou is the flagship campus of the Missouri university system and is the largest university in the state. MU has many graduate programs and research centers which, combined with its commitment to graduate and undergraduate education, has earned the school membership in the Association of American Universities. The universitys strength in the liberal arts and sciences have earned the school a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa. Social life at the university owes much to the 55 Greek organizations on campus. In athletics, the Missouri Tigers compete in the NCAA Division I  Southeastern Conference (SEC). Considering applying to the University of Missouri? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, the University of Missouri had an acceptance rate of 78%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 78 were admitted, making Mizzous admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 18,948 Percent Admitted 78% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 32% SAT Scores and Requirements The University of Missouri requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 10% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 560 640 Math 530 650 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Mizzous admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to the University of Missouri scored between 560 and 640, while 25% scored below 560 and 25% scored above 640. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 530 and 650, while 25% scored below 530 and 25% scored above 650. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1290 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Mizzou. Requirements Mizzou does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that University of Missouri does not superscore SAT results; your highest total SAT score will be considered. ACT Scores and Requirements Mizzou requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 90% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 23 31 Math 22 27 Composite 23 29 This admissions data tells us that most of Mizzous admitted students fall within the top 31% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to the University of Missouri received a composite ACT score between 23 and 29, while 25% scored above 29 and 25% scored below 23. Requirements Note that Mizzou does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. The University of Missouri does not require the ACT writing section. GPA The University of Missouri does not provide data about admitted students high school GPAs. However, admissions data indicates that in 2018 thirty percent of admitted students ranked in the top ten percent of their high school class. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of Missouri Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to the University of Missouri. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances The University of Missouri, which accepts over three-quarters of applicants, has a somewhat selective admissions process. Successful applicants tend to have standardized test scores and high school grades that are either average or above average. Admissions are not holistic, however, the university does look at the rigor of your high school courses, and youll need to show that you have taken the minimum number of college preparatory classes. Also, admission to specific schools at MU may be more competitive than others. Finally, Mizzou is a large Division I athletic school, so special athletic talent can play a role in the admissions process. In the scattergram above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that the majority of successful applicants had high school grades in the A and B range, combined SAT scores of 1000 or higher (ERWM), and ACT composite scores of 20 or better. Slightly higher scores increase your chances of receiving an acceptance letter considerably. If You Like MU, You May Also Like These Schools Ohio State UniversityPurdue UniversityWashington University in St LouisIndiana University All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of Missouri Undergraduate Admissions Office.

An Understanding Of Bacterial Transformation By Plasmid Dna

Bacterial Transformation Lab Report Elizabeth Amanquah Genetics 311 Monday 2:00-4:50 Jan Trybula Abstract This study was undertaken to develop an understanding of bacterial transformation by plasmid DNA. This study enables one to observe various traits displayed by transformed bacterial cells. Four experiments were conducted that included (1) Bacterial Transformation, (2) Genomic/Plasmid extraction, (3) DNA Electrophoresis, and(4) Plasmid /Oxidation EMSA. In this study, a transformation of the strain Escherichia coli also known as E. coli will be examined with a special plasmid called pGLO. This study was done to prepare the plasmid into a bacterium and use it to make large quantities by amplifying it. By allowing RNA†¦show more content†¦The genetic material that is being incorporated into is the bacterial plasmid In genetic transformation, DNA genes of one organism are added to another organism. The DNA that has been transmitted to the new recipient of the genetic material is then expressed and continued (Holmes et al. 1996). By doing this, large quantities of preferable genes can be made. The process of transformation can be done naturally or artificially. Escherichia coli is a common bacterium this is single celled allowing the process for plasmid exchange to not be difficult. The bacterium produces clones allowing the DNA to not be mixed. A plasmid is a circular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule that is able to replicate itself of the bacterial chromosome and is often the gateway for which a bacteria is able to gain resistant to an antibiotic. Plasmid contains the promoter of the arabinose operon called PBAD, which is a functioning unit of genomic DNA containing a collection of genes under the control of a single promoter. The genes are copied into RNA together into an mRNA strand to encode a single gene product. The plasmid DNA will be used integrated into the genome of the E. coli bacteria. To generate the effects of the plasmids and transformation, the

Safeguarding Abuse and Child Free Essays

string(82) " life and to teach them the skills they are going to bring into their adult life\." Chloe Smith CYP Core 3. 3 – Understand how to safeguard the well being of children and young people. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Safeguarding: Abuse and Child or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 – Outline current legislations, guidelines, policies and procedures within UK Home Nation affecting the safeguarding of children and young people. In England the current main legislations and guidelines are: Children’s Act 1989 Children’s Act 2004 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage 2008 Protection of Children Act 1999 Working together to safeguard Children 2010 Police Act 1997 Children’s Act 1989 This act was brought in to simplify existing laws protecting children and young people in the uk. This law gives children and young people equal rights and makes sure their feelings are paramount. It also made sure that the local authorities have a duty to provide a service for children in need and their families. Children’s Act 2004 The children act 2004 was brought into place by Lord Laming following the death of Victoria Climbie. The children’s act 2004 amends the children’s act 1989. It makes sure that local services such as the police, social services, education services, the nhs and other agencies all work together to protect vulnerable children. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child This legislation means that all children have the right to be heard and make their own choices. It also states that they have the basic right to learn and develop into adults without harm. Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage 2008 EYFS is followed by settings to safeguard children and ensure the adults that are in contact the children are safe and capable. Under the Child Protection Act all workers must be CRB checked and all settings must have policies and procedures they follow. Protection of Children Act 1999 This legislations to ensure there is a system in place that keeps a list of individuals identified as unsuitable for working with children and young people are not offered employment by settings. Safeguarding Children’s Policy This has a policy that states how we work with children, parents and the community to ensure the safety of children. To promote the children’s rights we have to give the child a safe environment that encourages the child to develop skills they will need to use for their adult life. Working with parents to build their understanding of their expectations to alongside the setting help the child. In my setting I would liaise with LSCB, Ofsted and NSPCC. 1. 2 – Explain Child Protection within the wider concept of safeguarding children and young people. As part of my role as a practioner I have a duty of care to safeguard the children this means – Protecting children from maltreatment Preventing impairment of children’s health or development Ensuring that children feel safe and secure Providing support that helps children to develop their full potential. Child protection is a part of safeguarding and promoting welfare. Effective child protection is essential as part of a wider work to promote welfare and safeguard children. 1. 3 – Analyse how national and local guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding affect day to day work with children and young people. As a practioner I have to ensure that I keep all children and young people safe in my setting. I will show this in my observation. 1. – Explain when and why inquiries and serious case reviews are required and how the sharing of findings informs practice. Serious case reviews have to be carried out when a child dies ( incuding suspected suicide ) or there has To be a reported case of serious harm to a child . Serious harm to a child includes neglect and abuse. If this happens an in quiry has to be carried out to see if the system failed and if so how it could have been prevented. All cases have to be recorded and reviewed by other agencies such as the police, education welfare or hospitals. If as a practioner or other agencies we do not follow the legislations or our olicies and procedures we are not only failing to do our job but we are putting the children at great risk. This is when children could result in being at risk of abuse or even death. In the case of Victoria Climbie agencies did not follow the policies and procedures correctly and did not do their duty of care and keep her safe. There was a lack of communication between the agencies this sadly resulted in victorias death. Communication is vital because without communication no one can fully understand the childs case and keep them safe from more potent ional risk or in this case death. When a serious case is reviewed NSPCC and other agencies have to come up with other suggestions to ensure that what happened to victoria does not happen to other children. 1. 5 – Explain how the processes used by own work setting or service comply with legislation that covers data protection, information handling and sharing. At my work setting all information about the child has to be kept safe. All files have to be locked away , all information on the computer has to be locked with passwords. The school only collects the necessary information , the Childs name, dob, address, parent/ carer , allergies . The school always has to be informed of any changes to the childs details. If the child moves schools all information has to be deleted. As well as making it part of our job role to keep all this information safe and confidential it is also the safeguarding officers role. 2. 1 – Explain the importance of safeguarding children and young people . At my work setting it is my job role to safeguard the children. I have to give the children equal chances and rights to be safe. Also to progress in their learning and development and to give them the best start in life and to teach them the skills they are going to bring into their adult life. You read "Safeguarding: Abuse and Child" in category "Essay examples" Children need to also be safeguarded from possible neglect or abuse of any kind. If I suspected a child was being abused take for instance if I noticed the childs change in behaviour if they become very angry, violent , scared , withdrawn and also appear with bruises continusly with no explanation I would suspect from the signs that the child was being physically abused. In order to safeguard the child I would have to follow the policies and procedures to either stop or prevent the child coming to any harm. 2. 2 – Explain the importance of a child or young person – centred approach. It is important in my setting to give the child or young person a centred approach because I have to have an understanding of every individual child and understand that they all have different needs. Children all learn at different paces it can all depend on their age, background and many other things. I have to use different ways of supporting the child as some children will benefit from different learning techniques to others and to fulfil my job role I have to take this into consideration when planning for the child although children are all at different levels all child needs to be treated fairly and be given equal opportunities. This is why it is important to build a trusting relationship with the child so I have a good relationship with the child and also the parent so we can both bring out the best in the child because we have a positive relationship with the child which will result in positive outcomes. 2. 3 – Explain what is meant by partnership working in the context of safeguarding. In context to safeguarding it is vital that we work in partnership. This could be with other members of staff to ensure that the environment for the child is a happy and safe one and any information on the child that needs to be shared can be. This is also the case with the parents if we have any concerns about the child or any queries we should have enough of a relationship with the parent and see if they agree or together we can come up with suggestions that would benefit the child. I need to be in partnership with outside agencies in case there is a situation with the child that I need further advice or support with. Having a partnership with the staff . Parents and outside agencies will not only be following legislations but also be safeguarding the child correctly. 2. – Describe the roles and responsibilities of the different organisations that may be involved when a child or young person has been abused or harmed. Social services – To provide support for vulnerable children and also their families. If necessary the child may have to be taken into care if the parent/ carers are not able to support the child . It is their job to find another suitable home for the child. Psychology service – provide s support such as therapy to children or young people who have experienced abuse or neglect. 3. 1 – Explain why it important to ensure children and young people are protected from harm within the work setting. It is important that I take my responsibility for the children’s safety very important. We are trusted by the parents to keep the children safe. By following my policies and procedures I ensure that I am safeguarding the child. I must make sure that I provide a safe and happy environment for the children to develop. I need to give the children an opportunity to learn and achieve. 3. 2 – Explain policies and procedures that are in place to protect children and young people and adults who work with them. In every setting there has to be a policy and procedures folder. It is important for the policy and procedures to be available for all who enters the setting to see. The parents need to be able to know how we run the setting and deal with situations. The parent needs to be able to understand and trust the work we do in the setting. To keep the children safe we have to do daily risk assessments. We have to make sure that there are the right ratio of workers to children. We have to make sure that everyone knows their own role. Every person that enters the setting needs to sign a visitors book and anyone working with the children needs to be CRB checked. Policies and procedures have to follow guidelines and legislations. 3. 3 – Evaluate ways in which concerns about poor practice can be reported whilst ensuring that whistleblowers and those who practice or behaviour is being questioned are protected. If an employee has a concern they can either talk to their line manager verbally or written. They need express valid points to why there whistle blowing. If they cant talk to the line manager because it involves them then they can contact the senior management team or hr manager. All matters have to be dealt with alongside The standards board for England’s whistle blowing policy and procedure. The head of legal will decide whether it is a concern and the employee will be informed. If you do need to tell your side of the story it must be honest and factual you are not allowed to assume and have to remain professional about the matter. All personal data has to be kept confidential under the Personal Data Protection Act. All enquiries has to give the accused a fair chance to tell their side of the story before a decision is made. Once a decision is made both parties can protest if either feel it has not been dealt with correctly. 3. 4 – Explain how practioners can take steps to protect themselves within their everyday practice in the work setting and on off site visits . There should always be two members of staff when a child is getting undressed, needs assistance in the toilet, Avoid being alone with a child in the classroom or any areas of the setting. If being alone with the child cant be avoided keep a door open and stay where you can always be seen. If a parent or carer is ever late to collect the child make sure that tow members of staff stay behind. Only in very few situations does a child need to be closely touched if the child is injured or needs to be changed. Schools should have guidelines to protect their staff and the children. Risk assessments should always be daily carried out to decrease the risk to the child. There should also be risk assessment t on outings should be carried there should be an outings policy. Under the health and safety act at work means that we have to do risk assessments to reduce the risk and to keep the children safe. 4. 1 – Describe the possible signs, symptoms , indicators and behaviours that may cause concern in the context of safeguarding. As part of my job role to safeguard children and young people I need to be able to spot a child at risk of abuse. There are different types of abuse. One type of abuse is physical abuse signs can include un explained bruising, red marks , pinch marks , swelling , burns or missing hair . The childs behavour may be scared, withdrawn or they could even be angry and violent themselves. Emotinal abuse may leave the child to be withdrawn , low self esteem, lack of confidence , they might have speech problems and find it difficult to make friends or be very clingy. The child may be very over apoligetic when they have done something wrong. Sexual abuse may result in the child having a sexually transmitted disease, cuts,abnormal swelling, discomfort , pain passing urine bloodstains on clothes or underwear . Behaviour may show the child to act in a sexual and inapproiate way , drawing pictures and fear of adults for no clear reason. Signs of neglect may leave the child to have lack of food, they may be obese because of a lack of healthy food, the child may arrive in dirty clothing, dirty skin , infection , they may be ill a lot with no medical attention. The child may be nervous attention seeking or clingy. 4. 2 – Describe the actions to take if a child or young person alleges harm or abuse in line with policies and procedures of own setting. If a child alleges harm or abuse then I need to comfort the child and ensure them that there not in any trouble but warn them that I cant keep secrets. I will listen to the child carefully but I will not speak I don’t want to influence the child. Whatever the child tells me I will record and only share with my line manager or supervisor. All the records I keep must be locked away as it is confidential. . 3 – Explain the rights that children and young people and their carers have in situation were harm or abuse is suspected or alleged. If a child makes an allegation then I need to protect the child and also inform the child on the action that needs to be taken. The child has the right to be safe but also not to be questioned. Children have the right to make their own descison . 5. 1 – Explain the different types of bullying and the effect that bullying can have on children or young people. There are many types of bullying it can be verbal , physical , emotional and cyber bullying. Pysical can be kicking, punching ,hitting, pulling hair . Verbal abuse can be when you threaten, name call and insult someone. Emotional abuse can happen when the person says something to make the person feel low about themselves causing them to be upset. Cyber bullying is done over the internet over social networking sites , e mails , text messages. Bullying can humiliate the child or young person which makes them lack confidence and have low self esteem they may not want to take part in activities causing them to miss out on their learning and development. Being made to feel bad about yourself can lead to self harm or suicide. Anyone can be a victim of bullying so to fulfil my job role I have to ensure that I look out for the signs of bullying. 5. 3 – Explain how to support a child or young person and / or their family when bullying is suspected or alleged . In my work setting If I suspect bullying or the child has alleged bullying I have to support the child and ensure them that they are not in the wrong as the child may worry about having told someone. I have to make the child aware that I cannot keep secrets I will also have to inform the child on what steps im going to take and update them when any progress is made. I would have to record what the child says to me and pass it on to my line manager I would have to keep it confidential and the records locked away. I would have to contact the children’s parents but I would have to be very understanding that the parent may be angry that’s why I would not be able to tell the parents the bullies names or any other details as I still have the responsibility to safeguard all children . I could offer the families outside agencies help such as counselling to help the child build self esteem. 6. 1 – Explain how to support children and young peoples self confidence and self esteem . It is important to always build a Childs confidence as it will help their learning and development. By planning the Childs activities to their suitable needs the child will feel able and capable to do their activities. Giving the child jobs to help you may make the child feel good and helpful . My facial expressions could also help the child by smiling and giving the child eye contact and lowering down to their level will make them feel equal. Actions like high five or thumbs up show that I am positive about the child. Using positive words would make a big difference to such as well done! that’s great work! I’m proud of you! Keep it up! Stickers and badges are a good way also because the child can show off their good work or behaviour to peers, other members of staff and their parents . Reward charts are also a good way of monitoring the Childs progress or strength. . 2 – Analyse the importance of supporting resilience in children and young people. In my setting it is important to support resilience because it builds on the childs confidence. They will be more likely to be confident and be less likely to be a victim of bullying. 6. 3 – Explain why it is important to work with the child or young person to ensure they have stratigies to protect the mselves and make decisions about safety. In my setting it is important that the child makes their own decisions and can also protect themselves and keep them safe from potential harm. They need to have the understanding and confidence to say no and if anything did happen to them they would understand that it is wrong and know to tell an adult. The child needs to understand appropriate behaviour towards members of staff and other peers. Kissing and hugging and sitting on peoples laps doesn’t need to happen. In my setting when your happy with one of your friends or you like them they put their thumbs up to each other this is a way of showing praise and friendliness without having contact. 6. – Explain ways of empowering children and young people to make positive and informed choices that support their well being and safety. By giving children choices it will make them more confident as part of my job I will give them guidance in their choices. If I maintain a positive attitude and make positive decisions in front of the children they will be more inclined to also make the right decision. 7. 1 – Explain the risks and possible consequences for chi ldren and young people of being online and of using a mobile phone. Being online can put children in many danger. Children can be very trusting and vulnerable it is easy to talk to strangers and believe they could be someone else. They can be befriended by people they don’t know. This could put them in danger. They can go on social networking sites such as face book and skype and share photos or videos or even enclose personal and private details. They can also be a victim of cyber bullying. Using a mobile phone can make it easier to contact young children allowing them to be contacted by people without their parents knowing or agreeing to they can also be targeted to being robbed if being are aware they own a phone. . 2 – Describe ways of reducing the risk to children and young people. When on the internet you can reduce the risk by only having friends you know to talk to and also not sharing actual pictures or videos with people or any personal information. When having a phone only take numbers off people you know and also giving out your numbers to people you know not having you r phone out in public and if you have any numbers that you do not recognise don’t answer it and tell an adult. How to cite Safeguarding: Abuse and Child, Essay examples

Report about the Healthcare Industry

Question: Write a report about the healthcare industry. Answer: The healthcare industry has experienced a developmental expansion on sick of treatment and analytic choices, personal satisfaction, expectation for improving life and additionally the expense adequacy and effectiveness of the human services. In the healthcare development, IT has played a crucial role (Ashford and Detert, 2015). In spite of hypothetical test on the art and developmental rush, investigation has restricted in advanced medicinal services. In the examination, one of the important push is a reasonable system, which provides the specialists in the establishment to assemble the studies (Cuddy et al. 2013). Australian health care system faces different interconnected and intricate hindrances in providing practical, creative and good quality consideration into the result. Progressively these engulf a matured population effected by need, technical change, increasing medicinal costs, and unending diseases to upgrade the openness and value of the social insurance. Sometimes quality and wellbeing will be continuous necessity which need to keep up (Ibarra, 2015). These issues are liable to play out inside a setting of nursing workforce challenges and financial vulnerability. The governments and human services association are looking for the approaches, which consist of, enhance efficiency, consideration conveyance to hold and enrol the gifts for the staff. This needs a change in the way social insurance is transferred to part of individuals and consideration models from the wellbeing workforce (Govindarajan and Ramamurti, 2013). In India, Narayana Health has connected with TriMedx, a U.S. based Maintenance Company to double up the life of diagnostic equipment. There are certain hospitals, which reuse the medical tools, which are meant of single use. For example, during beating-heart surgeries, $160 steel clamps are used. They cannot be reused. However, in NH and CARE Hospitals, these clams are sterilized and reused 50 to 80 times (Kouzes and Posner, 2012). The Indian hospitals are upgraded with three organizational points of interest, which are a central point with talking arrangement of advantages, a registered method to know the responsibility of the people and a target towards cost adequacy, which is opposite to simple cost cutting. These developmental plans provide these health centers to lower down their expanses without lowering the quality. The initial two lower costs enhance the quality. The overall development not only comes from an excellent plan but rather it can be derived from consistent need, a djustment, learning and experimentation (Martin and Learmonth, 2012). Dr.Wong believes that, medical staff morale and Patients safety are the first priority. Sometimes the medical staffs along with doctors may not agree with the practices. The medical devices can be reused after proving its safety. However, it is very tough to agree this fact from the patients point of view. The main aim of the healthcare innovations is the adjustment of cost control and up gradation of healthcare quality. Innovation is meant to be a basic section of focused survival and business profitability. Advancements in technology open many open doors to different sections, which are described below (Schueller, 2012): Development of product: It gives the introduction of new range of products for the outside business region. Development of process: The enhancement in internal production forms of the products. A Layout for Innovation in Healthcare The above figure exhibits that, healthcare system consists of six basic needs, which are, outreach, research, education, prevention, diagnosis, treatment (Finkelman, 2015). To fulfill these necessities, the healthcare system should successfully monitor results, effectiveness, wellbeing, costs, and quality. In this healthcare system, the needs of care providers, healthcare practitioners and the patients are placed in the centre. The healthcare systems on a regular basis touch the developmental base through relying on existing or new information technology. Efficiently, the healthcare innovation focuses on three areas. These are given below (Kumar, 2013): Observing the patient Hearing the patient Meeting the needs of the patients According to the researchers, the mangers in the middle places must realize them to be engaged to identify the needs of the changes and to enhance them for prosperity in the organizations. Their recommendations are given below: Modification of the pitch: In a research sample, according to decision makers, modification of pitch is very necessary along with other strategies to meet success. It is very important for the issue sellers to acclimate themselves with the crowds exceptional combination of learning, qualities, and objectives (West et al. 2015). They also spread this knowledge to structure their messages. Identification of the issue: An issue, which may be generated due to lack of commutability in the association, depends on the thoughts of the management. Advancement in innovation looks like geek trivia until the way to support the key goals are clarified (Martin and Waring, 2013). For example, the responsibility towards clients is increasing regularly. Managing the motions on both sides: Making an issue is an interpersonal action. Frequently it needs high supports, which are unavoidable mix feelings. Passion, which is not communicated properly, enhances the odds of the sellers through picking the activation and consideration (West and West, 2015). Negligible difference is observed between resentment and energy. Proper timing: It is very necessary to raise the voice at the right time. At the minute of the changes, the movement of the authorities, the joining or resign of certain players and the distraction changes of the manger are observed in the organization. According to effective dealers, the timing effects largely to a decision rater than other factors (Kalaitzi and Czabanowska, 2015). The success can be achieved when all the individuals will think to address the bigger pattern or subject with identified issues and those thoughts will be applied properly to catch the waves. Involvement of others: The issue sellers involve others into their effort for the betterment of the organization. The organization purchase becomes more rapid due to the collaboration as the individuals are able to contribute their assets and energy (Weberg, 2012). For example, it is observed in an organization that, one member has the capability to access the information while other member has good connection with the top directors. Therefore, involving them in an operation will make change. Adhering to the cultures: Two sorts of learning are found from reviewing the strategies, which are effective for the issue sellers. Those two strategies are strategic and relational. In strategic way, the goals of the organization will be understood and then it will be arranged to achieve the success. The decision makers play an important role in this (Stuart and Wilson, 2015). In relational way, the people who can be affected by the issues, who will be thinking about the issues or who can be questioned, will be identified. This is the standard essential way to utilize both casual and formal methodologies. Suggesting With solutions: In the organization, the issues will be identified and then will be fixed with the solutions. These recommendable strategies may be fruitful or may be failed. However, this is the most common strategy among the sellers. After getting success with these strategies, they are used more significantly and frequently (Bercaw, 2013). For example, if a business operational group will be introduced into the team, then they can offer the team with new financing thoughts. According to Al-Sawai, Cognitive Hurdle: The managers will be placed in front of the customers to get new ways to the problems through communication (Fitzgerald et al., 2013). Agreeing with the problem causing factors Demonstrating the requirement of the change Studying the numbers significantly Placing the people in the front Arranging community meetings Improving internal communication Resource Hurdle: The focus will be shifted to the hot spots and bargaining will start with the other parts of the company (Budak and Kar, 2014). The resources are limited The allocation of the resources is concentrated. Information will help to allocate the resources. Comp stat will help to report the information Motivational Hurdle: The challenges of different organisational levels will be framed after putting the stage lights on (Dye and Garman, 2015). Employees are eager to do the changes The key influencers will be identified The strategy meetings will be hold weekly basis. Political Hurdle: The internal opponents will be identified and then silenced and external opponents will be isolated (Denis and van Gestel, 2016). Early powerful naysayers will be silenced Alliances will be built with the key players. After reviewing the above case study, three types of innovations can be recommended to Dr. Susan Wong to make the healthcare cheaper and better. Focusing the consumers: The renovation in healthcare is important to provide more cheaper, efficient and convenient treatment for consumers (Strmgren et al. 2015). For example, in service delivery process, a health plan can involve the consumers by providing high deductible insurance in lower costs. It provides the members with the control over their personal healthcare expenditure. Focussing on technology: Introduction of new drugs and medicines, advanced drug delivery system and advanced diagnosis methods provides the ray of hope to less painful, less disruptive, less costly and better treatment (Chreim et al. 2013). The modification in the information technology, which is connected with the data of the healthcare systems have the capability o lower down the costs as well as to upgrade the service quality. Automatically, it will improve the healthcare system. Focussing on the business models: The modified business models, which are associated with the health care systems, not only improve the care and increase the efficiency but also it saves the time of the patients and consumers. The business model can be made up in two ways (Cuddy et al. 2013): One way will be continuing with the certain numbers of free players in a single sector. Other way will be gathering the treatments of all diseases at the same floor. The treatment will be more effective and convenient through these models. In this way, patients will be provided with one stop treatment (Govindarajan and Ramamurti, 2013). Dr.Susan Wong can modify her hospital through introducing these healthcare innovations. It will help the hospital to satisfy the patient-family relationship and to enhance the profits. References: Al-Sawai, A., 2013. Leadership of healthcare professionals: where do we stand?.Oman medical journal,28(4), p.285. Ashford, S. and Detert, J. 2015, Get the Boss to Buy In Harvard Business Review January-February, pp72-79 Bercaw, R.G., 2013.Lean leadership for healthcare: approaches to lean transformation. CRC Press. Budak, F. and Kar, A., 2014. THE IMPORTANCE OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP IN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT.IIB International Refereed Academic Social Sciences Journal,5(15), p.155. Chreim, S., Langley, A., Comeau-Valle, M., Huq, J.L. and Reay, T., 2013. Leadership as boundary work in healthcare teams.Leadership,9(2), pp.201-228. Cuddy, A. Kohut, M. and Neffinger, J. 2013, Connect then lead Harvard Business Review, July-August, 2013, pp55-61 Denis, J.L. and van Gestel, N., 2016. Medical doctors in healthcare leadership: theoretical and practical challenges.BMC health services research,16(2), p.45. Dye, C.F. and Garman, A.N., 2015.Exceptional leadership: 16 critical competencies for healthcare executives. Health Administration Press, A division of the Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives.

Election 2000 Essays - Political Parties In The United States

Election 2000 Election 2000 overview Presidential election cycles are always three-ring circuses, and the 2000 election has become one of the biggest circuses ever. With a two-term president unable to seek re-election, the House of Representatives clearly up for grabs, and Democrats counting on major Senate gains -- even hoping to win control -- there is a lot at stake in this year's elections. Republicans' optimism is based on their view that they will take back the White House after an eight-year hiatus. GOP insiders believe that Americans are tired of Bill Clinton, have doubts about Vice President Al Gore and are ready for change. Republican turnout was down in 1998, which helps account for the party's poor showing in the off-year elections. And even the most loyal Republican will agree that the party's recent presidential nominees, Bob Dole and former President George Herbert Walker Bush (in 1992), failed to excite Republicans and Independents. GOP strategists think that strength at the top of the ticket in 2000 wil l help all Republican candidates. Democrats have reasons to worry about the presidential race. While Republicans held the White House for three consecutive terms from 1980 to 1992, voters often grow tired of one party after two terms. Ethics questions and controversies involving Clinton and Gore have also given Republicans ammunition. And recent history isn't with the Democrats. Only four sitting vice presidents -- John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Martin Van Buren and George Bush -- were elected directly to the presidency in the entire history of the nation. Al Gore is hoping to make it five. The GOP presidential nominee, Texas Gov. George W. Bush, recovered after a shaky start during the primary season and tried to establish education as his most important issue. Surveys throughout the summer showed him with an early lead, which grew dramatically just before the GOP's national convention. Those same polls showed voters gave him high marks on his ability to handle key issues, including traditional Democratic ones such a s health care, education and Social Security. Even more important, those same polls showed him with a significant advantage over the vice president in the area of leadership. But Gore changed all that with his performance on the last day of the Democrats' Los Angeles national convention. Whether it was the highly publicized kiss he gave his wife, Tipper, or his fiery, populist speech, Gore changed the public's view of him. No longer was he a political opportunist or stiff second banana. Instead, he was a passionate, loving father and husband who lacked many of Clinton's weaknesses. Public sentiment turned on a dime. Instead of being down double-digits in the polls, as he was going into the Democratic convention, Gore jumped a few points ahead of Bush. Gore's luck didn't change when he left California. He and his running mate, Connecticut Sen. Joe Lieberman, began a whirlwind campaign swing, with Lieberman -- the highly regarded Orthodox Jew and critic of the president's personal behavior -- vouching for Gore's integrity, morality and sincerity. Gore's selection of Lieberman was regarded as a bold move. While some liberals and African Americans in the Democratic Party complained about the senator's moderate stands, Lieberman reiterated his support for the Gore agenda and helped the Vice President re-introduce himself to the country. At the same time, Bush's running mate, former Defense Secretary Dick Cheney, was fanning the fuels of controversy by delaying a decision about what he would do with certain Halliburton stock options, and Bush was floundering when asked about his tax cut plan and about his charge that the U.S. military was not fully ready. While Gore looked relaxed and energetic, Bush made mistakes, including miscalculating how the debate over debates would play, a much publicized gaffe in front of an open microphone, and his mispronunciation of the word subliminal. Post-Labor Day polls suggested that Gore surged ahead of Bush by at least a few points. Republicans became much less optimistic about Bush than they were in July, while Democrats, who started to wonder about Gore's electability, turned increasingly hopeful. But the race turned again before the end of September, when Bush went on two popular daytime television shows and Gore was hit by the media and his GOP opponents

How Silas Marner changes in the novel Silas Marner by George Eliot Essays

How Silas Marner changes in the novel Silas Marner by George Eliot Essays How Silas Marner changes in the novel Silas Marner by George Eliot Paper How Silas Marner changes in the novel Silas Marner by George Eliot Paper Essay Topic: Literature Mary Anne Evans, who is better known by her pen name of George Eliot, is an amazing novelist. She was born in England in 1819 during the industrial revolution. Mary was very intelligent and due to her fathers role in society (he was Robert Evans the Warwickshire estate agent for the Earl of Lonsdale) she was allowed to go to the libraries and study to gain knowledge. When she came to write her first novel (Scenes of Clerical Life) she decided to use a male name to ensure her work would be taken seriously, even though women writers could publish freely, George Eliot did not want to be known as a writer of romances which women authors usually were in those times. Mary Anne had many early influences on her writing, one of the main ones being religion. She was brought up within an Anglican family, but as she grew up and met new and more interesting people, Mary was introduced to more liberal ideas which made her doubt the bible stories and she refused to go to church. Her father was extremely angry and threatened to throw her out, but in the end Mary said she would go to church but would not believe and would think of other things. George Eliot was one of the leading writers of the Victorian era; she bases her work on the lives of the poor in the countryside. The time in history that George Eliot bases her work on is just before the Industrial Revolution. In the late 18th to early 19th century the lives of thousands began to change as factories were being opened in large numbers. The Industrial Revolution was a period of great change. New industries developed rapidly as a result of a number of new inventions and the way in which things were produced, and the way people lived and worked changed rapidly as a result of these developments. As the number of factories grew people from the countryside began to move into the towns looking for better paid work. The wages for farm work was very low and there were less jobs working on farms because of the invention and use of new machines. Also thousands of new workers were needed to work machines in mills and foundries. This brought devastation to farmers who lived in the countryside as they started to lose their jobs and those who didnt want to move to central areas in Britain lost their jobs completely. The protagonist, Silas Marner is a weaver and spends all of his days working to make some gold. When we first meet him he is living in a small countryside village called Raveloe. Silas is a recluse and does not mix with the fellow villagers. His neighbours are suspicious of him but they regard him with a certain curiosity. Silas has a vast knowledge of medicinal herbs and has occasional cataleptic fits; many of his neighbours suspect him of having other worldly powers. The Silas we meet at the beginning is not that much different to the Silas at the end of the book but by the end Silas has been accepted by the villagers of Raveloe and because of Eppie he was able to socialize with his neighbours and I believe that Eppie made him able to trust others again. Silas Marner changed through the novel due to the incidents in Lantern Yard. After Silas leaves Lantern Yard because he was falsely accused of theft by his best friend, William Dane, he loses his faith in God and also his trust for others and so he goes into a state of self imposed loneliness. Silas falls into a numbing routine of solitary work. He begins a life of solitude he invited no comer to step across his door sill. His religion was replaced by sombre isolation. Silas weaved all day and collected the money that he earned. He spent as little as possible and every night he would take out his gold and count it, hold it and this soon became his routine. The gold becomes his best friend as he knows it cant betray him like people could. His guineas rising in the iron pot, and his life narrowing and hardening itself more and more into a mere pulsation of desire. His love for his gold was not all together good. Although he didnt get betrayed, the obsession with his gold made his love harden and slowly fade: his gold, as he hung over it and saw it grow, gathered his power of loving together into hard isolation like its own. The next significant event in Silass life that makes others change their opinion of him is the finding of Eppie. Eppie replaces his stolen gold as his best friend. He starts to mix with the others in the village. They give him help and advice about raising Eppie, but he made sure that Eppie was just his. But shell be my little un. said Marner, rather hastily. Shell be nobody elses. This is just how he used to feel about his gold. In the opening chapter of Silas Marner George Eliot uses descriptive language to let the reader know about the character Silas a pallid young man. In chapter one, we find out about Silass past and we discover why he is like he is. Lantern Yard is the place that Silas first lived before Raveloe. Lantern Yard is a community of faith and was held together by religious belief. Silas was brought up here in this tight religious sect. He was trusting, loving childlike and innocent. Before the night he was accused Silas had for some months been engaged to a young woman named Sarah. At this point the deacon became very ill and the night he died Silas had a cataleptic fit and he was accused of stealing money from the deacon, when he had not. Sarah broke the engagement and soon was with William Dane. Marner went home and for a whole day sat alone, stunned by despair, without any impulse to go to Sarah and attempt to win her belief in his innocence. Silas was removed from Lantern Yard and moved to Raveloe. Silas missed the tight community of Lantern Yard he had known all is life but Raveloe was very different to Lantern Yard and Silas did not find his faith again. He stopped going to Church as he must have felt betrayed by God and his faith. This is the time when Silas then becomes obsessed with working and the gold. He was no longer trusting and loving because he was scared that if he was he would be betrayed again. There is no just God that governs the earth righteously, but a God of lies, that bears witness against the innocent. This reflects George Eliots feelings towards religion and God, as she did not believe in either. Her strong feelings against God reflect in Silass character in Raveloe. The connection between faith and community is shown by the villagers of Raveloe who must contribute to the church and other communal duties. So when villagers see how Silas rejects faith and does not show any interest in coming to church then they find it rather odd, especially in those times when religion paid a strong part in peoples livelihood. When he finds Eppie his opinion on religious faith changes from how he felt in Lantern Yard, he doesnt mention God in the same way as he did do in Lantern Yard, but he bases his faith on the strength of his and Eppies love for each other, since Ive come to love her Ive had light enough to trusten by; and now she says shell never leave me, I think I shall trusten till I die. Silas moves on from Lantern Yard to Raveloe and lives his life in solitude. Raveloe is a small village in the English countryside and Silas moves into a small cottage and uses it to work in. I believe that he seems to hide away and accept the situation. He has no plan to take revenge because he was heart-broken when he was run out of the place he had lived for so long and had probably loved. This feeling made him seem to others like he was resentful and bitter; but they misunderstood as he did not express his feelings. People may be suspicious of him in the village because of the fits and his knowledge of medicine, but that is because they did not know who he was, as he didnt talk to them and they did not know his past. He worked all day to try to get rid of the feeling of betrayal which his best friend had left him with, or maybe he was doing all the work to forget what happened and hide away from society. I think that he uses his job as a way of escaping a life of nothingness, for if he did not have his job then Silas wouldnt have anything at all. That is why, when Eppie was found, he had something else to look after, and his life meant more than it had before when he was just working towards his gold. Silas is really wary of what was happening to him, when he moved to Raveloe. He takes his work much more seriously and makes sure no one takes advantage of him again. The people in Raveloe take this silence and anti-social behaviour as a sign of the devil including the cataleptic fits and herbal knowledge. He works all day as just a method to stay alive. In Lantern Yard Silas had very different life style in comparison to Raveloe the urban lifestyle of the bustling town in Lantern Yard to the small country farms and cottages in Raveloe Silas may not believe he belongs in Raveloe he is so used to the old ways in Lantern Yard and this could be another reason why he decides to stay out of the community life and stay in solitude. His work in a way has replaced his religion and his social life. When Silass gold is stolen I believe he feels that his whole life then has no purpose, the one thing that was keeping him alive, almost, was his gold. He felt that it must be found and again he didnt want to seek revenge on the man who had stolen the gold but he just wanted it back. We know as a reader who stole the gold and we feel sorry for Silas as he is frantic and worried about where his gold has gone. He runs to the villagers, this stuns the villagers of Raveloe as they have never seen him interact with them before. They begin to realise that he is not as bad as they have been making him out to be. This moment in the book when Silass Raveloe live is changed, his routine is blown out the window as he has not got his gold and this leads to the finding of Eppie. Eppie was found on Silass hearth after the death of her mother, during this time Silas was having one of his cataleptic fits. When he came out of his fit, he noticed the young girl on the hearth. This coincidence of finding the girl was so great it changed Silass life forever. Eppie made him feel love again and the gold became nothing compared to the love that Eppie gave him. As Eppie grows we discover what Silas is really like how he was like this all along, the flashbacks mean that we can learn more about Silass past and how changed he is from both Lantern Yard and the first fifteen years in Raveloe. Eppie needed Silas as much as he needed her, which is what was different about how Silas felt towards Eppie and the gold. With the gold Silas didnt gain anything, as he worshipped an inanimate object but with Eppie he gained love and trust, and soon this began to rub off on him as well, unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude Eppie was a creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. Eliot uses the relationship between Silas and Eppie to create emotion and most readers are moved by the relationship and how it changes Silas to be more warm and loving to others, he again lets people in and trusts others again. the tender peculiar love with which Silas has regarded as an exceptional person, whose claims on neighbourly help were not to be marked in Raveloe. Dolly makes Silas realise how he must bring up Eppie and he gradually regains his faith. He starts to appreciate life again, he his forced to change his lifestyle because if he had stayed the same he would not know how to look after her i f he did not have the help from others in the village. Eppie would not have had any friends as Silas would not let her mix with others as that would mean being let down again. Eppie is a reflection on Silas character; his love comes through Eppie Eppie was reared without punishment he had been treated very much as if he had been a useful gnome or brownie a queer and unaccountable creature looked at with wondering curiosity and repulsion now Silas met with open smiling faces and cheerful questioning, as a person whose satisfactions and difficulties could be understood. The wedding of Eppie shows how others have changed their opinions of Silas and they realise that he is not a bad or bitter man but quite the opposite. Eppie makes Silas become established as a worthy member of the community. Silas begins to find love for others as well as Eppie, his love for her makes him realise that people can be trustworthy and he begins again to love all society. He describes to Eppie how he was and how he didnt mix with others, this made him remember memories, and how silly he was then. As the childs mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory; as her life unfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow person, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness. He found love again and visited Lantern Yard but when he found it destroyed and totally changed, he realised that the questions he wanted answered would never be answered but he realises how content he is with his new founded faith and love. Silas becomes much more mature as he finds his restored faith in God, his love begins to grow and he seems much less nai ve. He feels happy and contented with the new life he had fallen into, by complete chance. Silas does not change personality but after building a wall from being hurt, he needed something to slowly break down the barrier to allow others from Raveloe to see his true characteristics and because of this barrier he becomes wiser and more confident, with whom he is and he forgets things that took place in the past. Eliot shows us how Silas is a three dimensional character as complicated and complex as a normal human being. The character Silas develops during the novel into a more welcoming person, until the end when he finally shows all trust and friendship.

Activity 7 - Establishing Integrity Research Paper

Activity 7 - Establishing Integrity - Research Paper Example eal intent of the participant and the customary factors influencing his or her statements like long-established knowledge on a particular subject area. Conversely, statements affirmed by the participant in response to a researcher’s prompted question or set of questions present a more directed series of information. Carefully generated and specified research questions made on purpose provide scope and direction for the participants to state answers that are within the bounds of the purpose of the study. On that basis, statements made in response to a researchers prompted questions are more direct and more authentic in all angles considering that they are based on focused confines. 2. Basically, the contention would mostly lie on the basis of the reliability of the statements. Participants’ observations are relatively random and arbitrary in scope. At times, their statements on a particular subject are consolidated with impertinent issues which should not have been included in the first place. The prime reason for this is that there is no provision of confines that the participants can use to serve as foundations for their answers. Alternatively, responses that were gathered by prompting focused questions on interviews delivers statements which are sifted or sorted through in order to satisfy particular questions. The interviewer should ensure the consistency of the conversation since the interviewer wording of the questions depend upon him (Turner, 2010). On the whole, in gathering and analyzing data, responses prompted through interview must be admitted first more than mere observations. 3. According to Kvale (1996), the prime objective of conducting an interview, particularly a research interview, is to understand the statements, responses made by the interviewees. Therefore, the question would be "how can we assure ourselves as interviewing researchers that we understand all the responses we gathered?" Prior to factoring in your own input to a

Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Research Paper - Essay Example Therefore, this paper would major on the various methods that were used to encounter Islamic influence in mediaeval Europe. The Islamic social, economic and political changes that were taking place in medieval Europe were met by different responses from Christians. One major response used in Europe was the anti-Islamic discourse. Such discourses tended to stereotype anything that was Islamic in nature. The stereotypes would touch on the religious, social, military, and technology among others. They were meant to instill fear on people to create a state of discomfort. Here, European cultures were made to appear as superior to the Islamic civilisation. It was more or less like a state of competition between the two rival religious groups (Al-Shawaf 1). The two rival civilizations in Europe were unique in that both were embedded in Christian and Islamic religions. Thus, religion took a centre stage in the social, economic and political problems faced in medieval Europe. That marked the emergence of a complex state of crisis in the economic, religious and sociopolitical campaign that was also known as crusades. Crusades were to be used to solve the existing problems in Europe. They then became the central part of European history. Crusades is also believed to have begun at around 11th century and ended in 1798. It was used by Europe as a weapon against Islamic expansion and aggression. They lasted for two decades, leading to the questioning of the moral legitimacy of the church. To some extent, crusades brought religious wars that tainted the image of the church. Destruction of the existing social life in Europe is one of the factors which drought discomfort in Europe. Europe viewed Islamic culture as barbaric and inferior to theirs. Some scholars reveal that Europe referred to Islam and Islamic culture as â€Å"the other† and "people of heresy†. Issues like polygamy, as opposed to monogamy, must have brought sharp contrast

Corrections Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Corrections - Case Study Example image created in the media can be remedied if the media stopped focusing on the profitability of the content and instead promote giving accurate information about prison facilities. This will make the public to be sentient about the functions of prisons and their significance in law enforcement. a) Some of the media stereotypes, which are associated with correction facilities, include the following. Correctional facilities are depicted as places characterized by physical brutality where the inmates are subjected to violence (Surette 179). The prisons are also stereotyped to have corrupt individuals who benefit from the situation of the inmates. b) The perceptions on the image of the institutions can be addressed if the media focuses on the actual situation in the prisons. This will give the public a clear insight into the operations of the facilities hence rid the society of the stereotypes. The media are integral in changing the negative stereotypes associated with correction

Problems caused by viruses

Problems caused by viruses Introduction I will discuss about different types of viruses and what threats they hold towards the computer and what kind of damage they can do. A virus is a small program written to alter the way a computer operates, without the permission of the user. I will talk about:- What a virus does How it can affect your computer A Bit of History About Virus Different types of viruses How does it cause problems when your using the internet and Conclusions Threats of Viruses A virus can only spread from one computer to another when its host is taken to the target computer. A user can send viruses over the Internet or it can be carried on things like CD, DVD or USB drive. Viruses can increase their chances of spreading to other computers by infecting files on a network file system or a file system that is accessed by another computer. It can damage your network area and without the proper antivirus software, your computer is most likely to be affected by a virus, especially if you are going to use the internet. A virus must meet two criteria: The virus has to be executed by itself. In order to be executed by itself, it has to have its own coding on when to be executed. The virus has to replicate itself. It has to copy itself from the original, so it can create a problem for the user. Viruses can infect desktop computers and network servers alike. History of Virus In the early 1980s, experiments were carried out on computer security and 1983 saw the emergence of the first virus. Fred Cohen, at that time a student at the University of Southern California, had the idea of introducing self-reproducing software, which could spread by infiltrating existing programmes, thus attacking the security of multi-user computing systems. Len Adleman, Cohens thesis adviser suggested that this was similar to a biological virus, which uses the resources of the cell it attacks to reproduce itself. The term computer virus was born. 6 Types of Viruses File Infector Viruses A virus that affects program files. This virus can damage the programs that you either use or do not use basically it damages executable files such as .exe and .com files. Boot Sector Viruses A virus that affects the system area of the disk such as floppy disk or CD. Boot sector viruses attach themselves to the program of that specific disk and activate when the user attempts to start up their PC from the infected disk. Master Boot Record Viruses A virus that affects the boot sectors. It saves a legitimate copy of the master boot record in a different location without you knowing that it has done it without your permission. Multipartite Viruses A virus that affects both programs and boot sectors. Basically for this virus if one is not clean, then the one that is clean will be infected. For example if the boot sector is clean, but the files are not, then the boot sector will be infected. Macro Viruses A virus that affects data files. This virus is the most common virus than any other viruses above because this virus can damage Microsoft programs such as Word, PowerPoint, Excel and etc. Virus Hoax A virus that are sent by emails. This virus can damage and delete everything on your hard drive if an email thats got a virus is either on your inbox or if you have open that email. Conclusions Virus Hoax is one of the viruses that can cause problems when you are using the internet because the email that is affected by a virus can damage and delete important files from your computer. A lot of people are getting these virus hoax chain letters, which can spread like fire depending on how many people you are sending it to. When people get these chain letters, they dont check who they got it from and open it up straight away and forward the message to other people, so they computer can get infected by the virus, so it is very important to 1st find out who sent u the email and 2nd if you receive an email titled which some will have email virus hoax on it then do not open it!. Another way of having a virus on your computer is if a hacker installs a virus onto your computer. This can happen if there is no anti-virus software or firewall and if there is no program to protect your computer, then the hacker has an easy access to your computer which he can do any kind of damage to your computer. Once the hacker gets into your computer, the hacker can do anything to your computer, it can even mess your computer up by installing a virus of any kind. So in order to prevent that from happening your will need either an anti-virus or a firewall onto your computer.(See Details Below) How do you get rid and prevent your computer from having a virus? To prevent from having any types of viruses, you will need to have anti-virus software. It is software that will track down and get rid of any viruses that are on your computer and also prevents any viruses from getting into your computer. It can also protect your computer from any other threats as well such as Trojans and hacking. Another way your can prevent having troubles while your using the internet is to have a firewall. Firewall is a necessary program to keep intruders away while you are connected to the internet such as hackers. Hackers can hack into your computer and create a massacre for example create a program to spy on you and take some important information such as credit card number when you do online shopping or install a virus without you knowing anything about it. So it is recommended that if you do not have an anti-virus program, then have firewall on or install firewall to prevent hackers to hack into your computer while you are on internet. Reference: http://service1.symantec.com/support/nav.nsf/docid/1999041209131106 http://www.windowsmaven.com/ http://www.internet-story.com/dangers.htm

Rosenberg :: essays research papers

September 28, 1915: Ethel Greenglass Rosenberg born March 1917: The Russian Revolution begins 1917: Espionage Act that the Rosenbergs are convicted of violating is enacted May 12, 1918: Julius Rosenberg born 1929: Communist Party of the United States is founded Early 1930's: Julius Rosenberg is member of Young Communist League; campaigns for Scottsboro Boys 1934: Julius Rosenberg enters City College of New York; is involved in radical politics Summer 1939: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg married December 7, 1941: United States enters World War II after the attack on Pearl Harbor 1942: Julius Rosenberg becomes member of U. S. Signal Corps 1943: Rosenbergs cease open activities with Communist Party; Daily Worker subscription stops 1943: Soviet spymaster Feklisov first meets with Julius Rosenberg July 1944: David Greenglass chosen to work on the Manhattan Project November 1944: Julius Rosenberg recruits aid of Greenglasses in obtaining information about the Manhattan Project December 1944: Julius Rosenberg provides Soviets with a proximity fuse January 1945: David Greenglass provides his own notes and a sketch of a high-explosive lens from the Manhattan Project June 1945: Harry Gold meets with Greenglass in Albuqurque July 16, 1945: United States explodes first Atom bomb at Alamogordo, New Mexico August 6, 1945: United States drops Atom bomb at Hiroshima September 2, 1945: World War II ends with the Japanese surrender September, 1945: Greenglass meets with Rosenberg while on forlough in New York 1945: Julius Rosenberg is dismissed from U. S. Signal Corps 1946: Feklisov meets with Julius Rosenberg for the last time Late 1946: The Verona Code is broken 1947: Rosenberg's machine shop business fails June 30, 1948: Max Elitcher and Morton Sobell drive to Catherine Slip where Sobell met with Julius Rosenberg to exchange microfilm August 28, 1949: Soviets detonate their first Atom bomb January 21, 1950: Alger Hiss convicted of perjury in denying that he passed secret documents to Communist agent Whittaker Chambers February 2, 1950: Klaus Fuchs arrested March 1950: Julius Rosenberg warns Greenglass to flee country May 1950: Rosenberg asks his physician about what kind of shots are necessary for trip to Mexico May 22, 1950: Harry Gold confesses to the FBI May or June 1950: Rosenbergs visit a photographer to obtain passport photos June 15, 1950: David Greenglass names Julius as the man who recruited him to spy for the Soviet Union June 16, 1950: Julius Rosenberg is first interviewed by FBI; Joel Barr disappears in Paris June 30, 1950: United States forces engage in the Korean War

Mr Bean

Mr Bean is a series of fourteen shows based around the character of Mr Bean, a grown man who seems to have been born yesterday. The character is played by the versatile comedic star Rowan Atkinson. The programmes were filmed between 1990 and 1995, with the franchise also spawning a number of short specials, an cartoon version, and two feature-length films. Bean is supposedly a grown man but is outstandingly childish; his juvenile behaviour brings him into trouble with alarming regularity.He bumbles along in life with great abandon and seems oblivious to the havoc he causes. Moreover, in a childish way, everything is exciting, and everything must be played with. Even (especially? ) those things that he shouldn't, like the Christmas displays in Harrods! Whilst he rarely speaks (visual humour being the main strength of this sitcom), his occasional vocal offerings expose his voice to be as socially unacceptable as his behaviour, and as amusing as his trademark tweed blazer.Bean's residen ce alters between different episodes, but he never progresses beyond a small, one-or-two room grubby flat, which he shares with his sole friend; Teddy, his teddy bear, who rather worryingly Bean seems to think can communicate with him! He also has a long-term (and long-suffering) girlfriend, Irma Gobb (although whether or not he understands the concepts of romance and intimacy is uncertain).Other people he encounters, he tends to quickly worry with his eccentric behaviour. Indeed, the title sequence might suggest that he's an extra-terrestrial; he finds it difficult to cope with everyday situations, and seems to be learning how to live life each time he does something which to most people would be quite simple (like sit an exam; go to church; stuff a turkey etc. ). The fact that his presence disturbs TV reception would support this theory.The thing which makes Bean so worrying to those who encounter him, and so intriguing and hilarious to we the viewers, is that it's very difficult to work out who he actually is; it could, of course, just be that he lacks social skills, but we don't know what actually motivates him; what his hopes and dreams and fears are; what makes him tick. The fascination as we watch this peculiar specimen go about his daily existence is often captivating and constantly hilarious.

Aristotles view of happiness essays

Aristotles view of happiness essays Aristotle, in Nicomachean book I, says that every human action is intended to some end, which is considered as good. He also discusses that everybody tries to attain a supreme good, which is happiness. I agree with Aristotle that every human being craves for happiness, which is the highest good and ultimate goal of any activity. In this paper I will explain his arguments and explore the concept of happiness in terms of human beings. Aristotle believes that happiness is the universal goal of every human being; however every person has a different way of achieving happiness. We choose happiness as the highest good because happiness is sufficient as an end in itself, which means that the final answer of any question is to achieve happiness. He further explains that intelligence and virtues are good only because they make us happy. According to Aristotle people are judged good or bad by their activity and their function. He justifies his statement by giving an example of flutist; a person who plays the flute well is a good flutist. Playing the flute is the flutists function as it distinguishes him or her from other people. The distinctive activities performed by humans distinguish them from other living beings. Therefore Aristotle defines supreme good as an activity of the rational soul in accordance with virtue. We humans are the rational souls; Thus Aristotle describes virtue, rationality and activity as the ch aracteristics of a happy person and claims happiness as the highest good for all human beings. Aristotle says, But presumably the remark that the best good is happiness is apparently something agreed, and we still need a clearer statement of what the best good is (1097b22-24). Aristotle means that, it is clear that everybody desires to be happy, but they chase happiness by different ways. I agree with Aristotles reasoning of the purpose of human nature. Happiness is different ...

Dinosaur Exhibits at The Field Museum of Natural History

Dinosaur Exhibits at The Field Museum of Natural History Name: Field Museum of Natural History Address: 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL Phone Number: 312-922-9410 Ticket Prices: $14 for adults, $9 for children age 4 to 11 Hours: 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM daily Web Site: Field Museum of Natural History    About the Field Museum of Natural History For dinosaur fans, the centerpiece of the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago is Evolving Planetan exhibit that traces the evolution of life from the Cambrian period down to the present day. And as you might expect, the centerpiece of Evolving Planet is the Hall of Dinosaurs, which boasts such specimens as a juvenile Rapetosaurus and a rare Cryolophosaurus, the only dinosaur known to have lived in Antarctica. (Other dinosaurs on display at the Field include Parasaurolophus, Masiakasaurus, Deinonychus, and dozens of other genera.) After youre done with the dinosaurs, a 40-foot-long aquarium harbors reproductions of ancient aquatic reptiles, such as Mosasaurus. The Field Museum of Natural History was originally known as the Columbian Museum of Chicago, the only remaining building from the gigantic Columbian Exposition held in Chicago in 1893, one of the first truly world-sized World Fairs. In 1905, its name was changed to the Field Museum, in honor of department store tycoon Marshall Field, and in 1921 it moved closer to downtown Chicago. Today, the Field Museum is considered one of the United States three premier natural history museums, alongside the American Museum of Natural History in New York and the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. (part of the Smithsonian Institution complex). By far the most famous dinosaur at the Field Museum of Natural History is Tyrannosaurus Suethe near-complete, full-sized Tyrannosaurus Rex discovered by roving fossil-hunter Sue Hendrickson in 1990 in South Dakota. The Field Museum wound up acquiring Tyrannosaurus Sue at auction (for the relative bargain price $8 million) after a dispute arose between Hendrickson and the owners of the property on which she made her spectacular find. Like any world-class museum, the Field Museum hosts extensive fossil collections that are not open to the general public, but are available for inspection and study by qualified academicsincluding not only dinosaur bones, but mollusks, fish, butterflies and birds. And as in Jurassic Parkbut not at quite as high a level of technologyvisitors can see museum scientists extracting DNA from various organisms at the DNA Discovery Center, and watch fossils being prepared for exhibition at the McDonald Fossil Prep Lab.

Outline and critically debate why the conviction rate for rape remains Essay

Outline and critically debate why the conviction rate for rape remains so low (UK BASED RESEARCHERS ONLY BECAUSE THERE ARE CURENT ISSUES ON THE SUBJECT THAT REQUIRE SOMEONE RESIDENT IN THE U.K - Essay Example If there is a low reporting percentage of women being raped, there is even a lower percentage of males reporting they were raped. This is associated with the issue of consent, acceptance and willingness. Whether it is a male or a female being forced to perform any sexual act without a conscious consent, then it can be considered as a rape or sexual assault case. Thus, it is important to establish the legal definition of sexual crime, and the accompanying protection that it gives the victims, making them realize that it is not their fault and it is not willingness if they accept to do the sexual act when they are paralyzed by fear or when making a choice between doing the sexual act or dying in the hands of the assailant. Forcing someone to commit any sexual act without their consent is a sexual assault or rape. The 1994 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act redefined rape to take account of female, as well as, male victims (Anderson and Doherty p.83). It amended the definition of rape to cover vaginal or anal intercourse against a man or a woman. This significantly changed the view on rape and acknowledged that men can also be raped. However, rape literature indicates that sexual victimization of men is a serious, yet largely invisible problem in the society (ibid p.83). This is largely influenced by the actual and perceived societal responses on such incidences because of the normative expectations about masculinity (ibid p.83). Because they are seen as the protectors and the stronger sex, they believe that being raped indicates weakness, or association with being gay. Although there are reported and non-reported incidences of male rape, this paper focuses of female rape. The focus of this paper is the low rape conviction rape in the United Kingdom, and how this affects other sexual crime cases, the victims, and the society itself. The first thing to consider is how the law is structured.

Essential data Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Essential data - Essay Example annual sales of SVL 12†, 15† and 19† flat screens of computers, the chart shows that the annual sale of Type C screens that are 19† are greater than sales of type B and type a it is obviously because the 19† screens are expensive than 12† and 15†. The correlation is one of the most common and most useful statistics. A correlation r is a single value that explains the degree of relationship among two variables. Correlation value r will always be between -1.0 and +1.0, if the correlation is negative, we have a negative relationship; if its positive, the relationship is positive. Here we have the correlation value r = -0.786 and the scatter plot shows a negative association between distance of SVL outlet and the Total sales in SVL outlets, it means the sales in SVL outlets that are near to high streets is more than in those outlets that are far from the high street. The correlation value r = 0.772 and the scatter plot shows a positive association between average monthly advertising expenditure and the Total sales in SVL outlets, it means the sales in SVL outlets increases with the expenditure on advertising. Regression investigates the dependence of one variable conventionally called the dependent variable on one or more variables called independent variable and provide an equation to be used for estimating or predicting the average value of the dependent variable from the known values of independent variable. Where, Y is the predictor, X is the predictor, â€Å"a† is the value of Y when X equals zero and is called Y-intercept, and â€Å"b† indicates the changes in Y for a unit change in X and is called the slope of the line and â€Å"e† is an error term having a normal distribution with mean of zero and standard deviation ÏÆ' (Fisher, 1922). We estimate â€Å"a† by â€Å"a†, â€Å"b† by â€Å"b† and â€Å"ÏÆ'† by â€Å"s†. The fitted equation is then: If we have P-value < ï  ¡ then we have to reject our hypothesis, from ANOVA table of regional location and

Did the French revolution and the Bolshevik revolution each improve Essay

Did the French revolution and the Bolshevik revolution each improve the lives of the Women - Essay Example The women were only defined by sex their and not by their innate capability and ambitions. Even though the Enlightenment writers seemed to advocate for women liberation, they had a limited scope; there was nothing like public rights. This essay shall critically evaluate various facets of both French Revolution and Bolshevik Revolution in an attempt to establish whether they really improved the lives of women. Years before the onset of Bolshevik Revolution, women had no voice in the Soviet Union. The women were treated as inferior sex that had no right to participate in any public event. In fact, most of them were left for peasantry jobs and house chores. The industrial jobs were preserved for men. Women would come from the farm and attend to her household at home. In France, the perception of women was not very far from that in Russia. The Enlightenment writers gave men more powers over women, just like John Locke had formulated. Rousseau, for instance, insisted on the traditional roles of women. He stated that women should limit their participation to family level. He discouraged any active participation of women in public and political events. Most women in France were, thus, peasants, laundresses and shopkeepers1. There was also no formal education for this gender. Education was only for few men who belonged to the middle and upper classes. A woman needed not to be educated, as claimed the chauvinists. Her work was to educate the girl child. The lack of formal education limited the chances of women securing job opportunities in some service industries. In France, Rousseau had argued that if a woman was to obtain any form of education, the knowledge should only be used to manage the family and not in any public offices. The arguments of Rousseau raise questions about his reasoning, him being a learned person. How can such a great scholar be in support of oppression? The French Revolution that began in 1790 was marred with

Formal linkage mechanisms Essay Example for Free

Formal linkage mechanisms Essay Formal linkage mechanisms such as mergers and joint ventures are supposed to reduce transaction costs in a business enterprise. However, sometimes companies can experience increased cost if the management fails to lay down proper strategies (Jones, 2006). It is worth noting that joint venture refers to two or more parties coming together to carry out business activities. In this case, these parties agree to share revenues and expenses. On the other hand, mergers entail two or more companies joining but each maintains their identity. The likely causes of increased costs In both mergers and joint ventures, there is the possibility of double running of the departments(Jones, 2006). This comes about by failure of the companies to do away with similar operating departments. For instance, when the joined and merged companies each maintain their human resource department, the results are increased expenses in running the departments. Increased company cost can also result from uncertainty about the future by the trading partners. In this regard, the resulting merger or joint venture has to cater for the associated risks. For instance, the possibility of one or more parties pulling out will result to increased cost since the ratio of sharing cost changes. Conclusion and Recommendations The above factors would contribute to an upward trend in the companys transactions costs. Therefore, it would be of significance for the computer company to consider the following recommendations. The companies should review their former organizational structure by joining departments that perform similar functions to avoid duplication. Moreover, the companies in the merger should work out a plan towards reducing uncertainty costs such as increasing the number of partners in the merger (Jones, 2006).

Types Of Business Activities And Business Organizations Commerce Essay

Types Of Business Activities And Business Organizations Commerce Essay Sole Trader-ship is the most primitive form of business organization. A business organization owned and managed by only one person, having full share of profit and responsible for all the losses of the organization is called sole trader-ship. Due to some of sole trader-ship the limitations including limited capital, limited scope of business and short-life a need for a new organization was felt. Thus a new business organization evolved that is known as partnership. In a partnership two or more persons pool together their resources to form the partnership business. The partnership combined financial resources, mental resources, and experience of partner for the success of the business enterprise. The rules and regulation that governs the partnership business is called partnership contract. The contract is the bye-laws of business and specifies the nature of the business, partners capital, profit and loss ratios and various terms and conditions relating to the business. Limited financial resources, unlimited liability and limited life of the partnership are cited as the peculiar demerits of the partnership, hence a need have been felt for a new organization that do not have the abovementioned demerits. A new type of business evolved after the industrial revolution called Joint Stock Company (Corporation in USA). A joint stock company is a business organization that is an artificial person, having perpetual existence and common seal with transferable shares, and separation of management from shareholders. This type of business tries to eliminate the demerits associated with sole-trader-ship and partnership (limited capital, limited life, and unlimited liability) plus it provides professional management of the company affairs through separation of ownership and management. The owner of the enterprise selects Board of Director amongst itself that chalk out broad-range policies concerning the business enterprise. The day-to-day affairs of the business a re run by professional who have expertise in their related field. Types of Business and Strategic Objectives: The objectives of the business depend on whether the business is owned by private investors or by the government. A private business is a business owned, managed and control by private investor(s. It may take any form including sole trader-ship, partnership or Joint Stock Company. On the other hand public enterprise also known as state-owned enterprise is owned, managed and run by government through its representative. If the business owned by private investors some of the possible objectives may be: To achieve a stated goal in terms of profit To achieve a stated goal in terms of sales To achieve a stated goal in terms of Return on Investment (ROI) To be a leader in a category To achieve a stated percentage of Earning Per Share (EPS) To be an environment friendly organization To be socially admirable organization To be a producer of quality products and/or services On the other hand if the business is owned by government (state owned enterprise) some of the possible objectives of the enterprise may be: To provide high quality services (e.g. health, education, communication etc) to the masses on equality bases To provide quality products and/or services to the masses at a lower cost as compared to private sector To reduce the disparity between the masses by reducing the income/status gape To provide access to quality product and/or services to all the masses irrespective of income, status, religion, geographic territory etc. Financial Activities and Organizational Structure: According to Vanhorn and Wachowics (2001) financial management is concerned with acquisition, financing and management of assets with some overall goal in mind. The overall goal is usually to increase the wealth of present and prospective shareholders. Organizational structure is an arrangement of organization activities that portray the various relationships amongst the organizational member. The organizational structure depicts who is the boss and who is the subordinate. Usually organizational structure are build on pyramid type, as depicted in Figure 1.3. Figure 1.3. Organizational Structure Macro (External) Environmental Factors: The macro environment consists of uncontrollable forces that directly or indirectly influence an organizations ability to achieve a desired result. In the word of Kotler and Armstrong (2003) marketing environment consists of the actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing managements ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers. These influences create both opportunities and threats for a manager. A prudent manager is supposed to capitalize the opportunity provided by the macro environment and decrease potential bad impact of a threat that may hinder the organization performance. The macro environmental factors include economic factors, demographic factors, social and cultural factors, technological factors, and legal and political factors. An organization management is supposed to constantly monitor and evaluate these factors, and capitalize the opportunity if any. Organization that failed to take action in response to change in the environmental factors will not be able to succeed and hence to achieve its mission. Section 2 Investigating Business Resources. 2.1. Human Resource Management: Organization resources can be grouped into four categories including Financial, Information, Physical and Human Resources. According Braton (2005) Human Resources Management is the the direction of organizational systems to ensure effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish organizational goals. The human resources of the organization are the most crucial assets of the organization. In fact one can argue that the factor responsible for success and failure in most of the cases is HR, but unfortunately it cannot be portrayed on Balance sheet as an Asset because it is priceless. 2.2. Purpose of Business and Technological Resources: Resources such as air, water, gas, oil, forests, paper, iron, core etc is known as physical resources, while technological resources includes, computer, plants, machinery etc. Organization needs to ensure that best utilizations of these scarce resources, by showing quality, efficiency, and waste management issues are addressed to improve performance and reduce costs. The management of these resources involved obtaining the desired materials, supplies, equipment, premises and energy and using them in the most efficient way to decrease operational cost and to attain the organizational objectives. 2.3. Access source of finances: In order to start a business or boost the established business through injection of new funds there are various sources of finances that an entrepreneur can access. The various options include banks that provide short, medium and long term finances to business enterprise. On the other hand there are also various developmental institutions that provide grants to boost a business in a particular sector, for example industry, trade, exports, agriculture, etc. Another possible option to get the fund is from venture capital provider, who usually charge slightly higher rate than the market. 2.4. Interpret financial statement: Financial statement is interpreted using ratio analysis. Financial ratio provides an insight about the firms performance. The organization can compare its financial results with its previous year results or they can compare the results with another player of the same industry. Financial ratios quantify many aspects of an organization including sales, profitability, creditworthiness, liquidity, usage of assets, and are an integral part of financial statement analysis. Thus ratios of a company in different industries provide an insight regarding a firms risk, capital requirements, and the nature of competition. Section 3. Introduction to marketing: 3.1. Key concept and principle of marketing: According to Kotler and Armstrong marketing is the process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. So we can say that the task of marketing is satisfy consumer needs and wants while achieving organization goals. A need is basic such as need for food, shelter, safety etc. when these needs are shaped by individual preferences and culture it becomes wants. The task of marketer is thus to identify a consumer need, translate that in wants, and designed the offering that have the capability to satisfy such needs and wants. When organization deliver the product and/or service to its customer, customer get a product and/or service, that have the ability to satisfy a consumer need and want while organization get money in exchange. 3.2. How and Why Marketing Research is conducted by Organizations: In achieving the organization mission and carrying out their marketing responsibilities, managers need a great deal of informations to make inform decision keeping in view the customer needs and wants. Marketing research provide manager insight regarding customer taste and preferences, product pricing, place and promotion strategy, competitors products, etc and help manager make better marketing decisions. Thus marketing manager increase his chances of success in the market by using up-to-date information while designing the marketing mix for the company offerings. Marketing research involves collecting information relevant to a specific marketing problem facing the organization through research by defining problem and coming up with the research objectives, preparing the research plan, and then implementing and interpreting the findings through research report for actions to marketing manager. 3.3. Kinds of Marketing Information used by Organization: According to OBrien and Marakas (2004), an information system can be any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications, networks, and data resources that stores and retrieves, transform, and disseminates information in an organization. A company can use two types of marketing information based on the position of the end-users and type of use: the MIS for the managers and MIS for operational sales and marketing activities. The users of Marketing Information system and decision-making systems are primarily senior executives, Heads of SBUs and Manager Marketing, and analyst. Usually experts use raw data collected from various sources and refine them to be presented to marketing department. 3.4. How Marketing Increase Demand. The marketing concept is a process by which marketers identify consumer needs and wants and then provide products that satisfy these needs and wants, in a process of achieving organizational objectives. A product created and delivers based on the marketing concept benefit customer when it satisfies his need or want. When one have the ability, desire and authority to purchase certain product it is called demand. Marketer creates demand for his offering by providing to its target markets four types of utility known as form utility, place utility, form utility and possession utility. Section 4: Effective People communication and information: 4.1. Important of employing suitable people: For effective communication in an organization it is vital to employee suitable people across the organization. The communication within and outside the organization will have impact only when the receiver (one who receives and interpret the message) pursue exactly what the sender (a person who transmit and idea or message) mans. This depends a lot on the people inside the organization. If people inside the organization are talented and have mature personality they will interpret the message by using their professional skills acquired through various training and development. If the case is opposite, the organization will be facing difficulties in every wake of life. Communication skills of an employee also add goodwill for the employee as well as the organization. 4.2. Communication using appropriate method: The appropriate method of communication is first to determined the purpose of communication. The manager can determine that by answering: Why is the communication required? After defining the purpose of the communication the manager then need to identify the target audience, as the construction of message will depends a lot on the audience. He is supposed to ascertain some background information regarding the receiver of the message including position, educational level, experience etc. The communicator is then required to develop his message in a very clear, coherent, correct, concise and logical manner by maintain positive attitude that is reflected in choice of words. 4.3. Different type of information and how it can be process: Communication can occur through different processes and methods and can also be classified on the channel used and the style of communication. On the basis of channels communication can be divided into verbal communication (communication in written or oral form) and non-verbal (communication through body language, expressions, visuals etc.) On the basis of style communication can formal and informal. Formal communication occurs when in formal organization settings including communication between a superior and subordinate or organization and taxing authorities etc. On the other hand informal communication is free and unrestricted communication between employees who share casual relation with one another. An example of this is communication between pears. 4.4. Presenting Information Effectively: Effective information contains 7 characteristics that are known as 7 Cs of effective communication. This 7 Cs are Credibility, Courtesy, Clarity, Conciseness, Correctness, Coherent, and Consideration. Credibility of information means that the information present should be trustworthy. Courtesy means that the presenter of information should starts and end on courteous note. Clarity is important regardless of the content of the message. A message is clear when it contains information that is easily interpreted. A message should also be correct when it is 100% error and accurate and facts and figures are backed through documented evidence. The presented message need also be consistent, meaning stable and have no ups and down. Concreteness of message is present when the message is not vague and abstract but rather a solid statement that is used to reinforce the confidence. Conciseness of the message means providing to the point information to the target that saves time for both sender an d receiver. Section 5: Introduction to Accounting: 5.1. Purpose of accounting and categorization of business income and expenditure: Accounting is said to be the language of business. According Horngren and Harrison (2001), accounting is the system that measures business activities, processes that information into reports, and communicates these findings to decision makers. An organization income can be classified into Gross Income (the residual of total revenue minus cost of goods sold or direct expense), Operating Income (Gross Income minus Operating Expense), Income before taxes (Operating Income minus interest expenses) Income After Taxes (Income before taxes minus corporate taxes, if any). On the other hand expenses can be categorized on the basis of Cost of goods sold (material, labor and overhead expenses in case of manufacturing, and purchase price plus direct expenses in case of merchandizing business), operating expense (include marketing, sales and administration expense). 5.2. Preparing a cash flow forecasts: Cash flow forecast is the amount of money that organization expects that will come-in (Inflow of cash) and goes-out (outflow of cash). The inflow of cash includes sources such as cash sales, collection from customer, bank loan, and proceeds of stocks issued, or through sales of fixed assets. On the other hand cash outflows include all the disbursement to suppliers, payment of staff salaries and benefits, repayment of loan and/or capital, payment of expenses like rent, rates, taxes, capital expenditure for the acquisition of new assets, and interest payment by an organization. The total net cash flow is the difference between the total cash Inflow and total cash outflow for a particular period of time. The forecasting of cash flow includes tabulating all the major cash inflows, for example, cash sales, receipts from customer, loans etc and then analyzing the timing of expected payments in the form of salaries, material, capital expenditure etc. To this amount the current period net ca sh flow is added (if positive) while the desired started cash flow for the upcoming year is then subtracted. If the organization has left with negative figure then it arranges a loan accordingly. 5.3. Profit and loss account and balance sheet: The profit and loss account also known as Income statement portrays the results of business for particular period of time usually a year. It can be called a moving picture of the business stating the total revenue earned by the organization and total expenses incurred on earning the revenue, and the end result whether profit have been earned or losses have been sustained. On the other hand Balance Sheet depicts financial position of a business organization on a particular date usually at the end of year. Balance Sheet is like a snapshot of the organization that portrays the Assets it organization and liabilities and owners equity of the organization. 5.4. Review business performance using simple ratio analyze: In order to evaluate an organization performance one can use ratio analysis for interpreting the results and then comparing that with its own past results or with that of industry player. The most commonly used ratio includes liquidity ratios, that measure the business liquidity whether the firm will be able to pay its short term debts when it comes due or not. Profitability ratios measure firms profitability with respect to sales, equity, assets, long term assets etc. Coverage ratios measure whether firm will be able to pay its fixed charges from the profit or not. Activity ratios measure various activities of the organization including inventory, receivables, payables, etc.