My Tuesays With Morrie Essays - Self-help Books, Morrie Schwartz

My Tuesays With Morrie Kelly Kleinhesselink Educator Kramer Fundamental Writing 20 November 2000 My Tuesdays with Morrie Mitch Albom, creator of Tuesdays with Morrie, is flipping through his TV stations one night and he heard these words originate from his TV set, Who is Morrie Schwartz? What's more, Mitch went numb. Mitch discovered through the TV show Nightline that his long lasting companion and instructor is biting the dust and Mitch realizes that he needs to take a quick trip and see him. Mitch goes to see his old school educator and what begins as a one-day meeting transforms into a four-month class. The class is led in Morries house in the suburb or Boston, there are no books or some other understudies, just Mitch and Morrie. All through this class Morrie educates Mitch the exercises of life; exercises, for example, passing, dread, maturing, voracity, marriage, family, society, absolution, and a significant life. As Morries conditions intensify, Mitchs condition is showing signs of improvement; Mitch is improving as an individual. At last Morries life reaches a conclusion, and Mitch moves on from Life 101. I felt the seeds of death inside his withering casing, and as I laid him in his seat, modifying his head on the pad, I had the coldest acknowledgment that our time was running out (59). That is the thing that Mitch, a diary essayist for the Detroit Free Press, said as he lifted his old school instructor from his wheelchair to his chair. Morrie Schwartz is biting the dust from ALS, also called Lou Gehrig malady. As the book goes on, Morrie connects with individuals who need to talk and he shows them the genuine exercises of life, while he is lying on his deathbed. Tuesdays With Morrie is a fantastic book on the grounds that Morrie instructs Mitch exercises about marriage, ravenousness, and family that youthful grown-ups can gain from. Love one another or perish(149). This statement summarizes all of Morries perspectives and convictions on the subject of marriage and love. I feel that youthful grown-ups can take in a major exercise from this short statement. Love and marriage are significant in light of the fact that we as a whole need somebody to cherish and to adore back, on the off chance that we dont we will live a forlorn and miserable life. There is a lot of decides that Morrie expressed in this book I feel youthful grown-ups could gain so much from. Morrie said that, your going to experience a great deal of difficulty on the off chance that you dont regard the other individual on the off chance that you dont now how to bargain on the off chance that you cannot speak transparently about what goes on between you in the event that you dont have a typical arrangement of qualities in life(149). What's more, the greatest one of those qualities is your faith in the significance of your marriage. I believe that ever ything that Morrie says in that entry is valid. At the point when he discusses on the off chance that you dont realize how to bargain, at that point you will experience a great deal of difficulty. On the off chance that you cannot work and surrender a few things to cause things to prevail with the individual that you love then you will have a great deal of issues. I truly feel that youthful grown-ups can gain so much from that section just as all through the book about marriage. Another issue that Morrie converses with Mitch about that I feel youthful grown-ups can gain from is voracity, and how we as individuals put our qualities in an inappropriate things. I additionally feel this is valid in todays society. We do place our qualities in an inappropriate things, we put our qualities in cash, vehicles, fabrics, and numerous others, yet we as a whole realize that that is an inappropriate spot to put our heart. Im sure that we have all heard the statement, When we pass on, you cannot take it with you (124). Since this has been referenced so much I dont need to go top to bottom about it, yet I truly feel this is valid, we have to understand that we cannot take our material things with us when we pass on. What I gained from this part is an individual doesnt experience as long as they can remember placing their qualities in an inappropriate things and afterward when you get more seasoned understand that they where wrong and ought to have

Individual Reflective Journal of Business -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk about the Individual Reflective Journal of Business. Answer: Presentation It is critical to compose intelligent diary that permit understudies thinking about new information that has been learned in the class. It cements learning experience through chronicle in the course, learning new materials and grows new ends. In the current course, I have gotten information about the utilization of electronic gadgets and its utilization in cooking industry. With the assistance of different sources, for example, books, diaries and sites just as the suggested sources that are given, I have picked up information in regards to the point that empowers me to audit writing in regards to the theme and organize inquire about technique to convey forward the examination in legitimate manner. Intelligent Journal Scope While having such potential advantages that can be applying the information in the examination, intelligent diaries help to make self-appraisal with respect to the investigation. With the assistance of intelligent diary, one can assess the zones that should be improved in the investigation. In the other hand, intelligent diaries help to distinguish solid territory that can be investigated and applied, in actuality. Besides, it can show understudies and open extensions to detail new conclusions just as viewpoints and give them a hazard free an incentive for investigating, thinking just as rehearsing aptitudes learned in the class. Intelligent examination Review of the utilization of electronic gadget and its applications in providing food industry Lin and Hsu (2017) expressed that with fast improvement of science and innovation, stock programming programs are presently accessible in the market that assists with following use, screen changes in the expenses of unit dollar and can compute the necessity so as to reorder just as break down stock levels based thing to-thing. The framework is known as Point-of-System. Then again, web based booking applications help to book request in hustle free way. Also, it turns out to be progressively advantageous way that spares time for the clients and encourages the association to open up in 24*7 hours. Effect of electronic gadget utilization on providing food industry A few kinds of electronic gadgets just as its application with the advancement of data innovation empower the providing food industry to turn out to be progressively famous and accessible for the clients in 24*7 hours (Boella 2017). Retail location framework is one of the electronic gadgets, that is only a fundamental mechanized system worked by principle PC and connected to different checkout terminals. Then again, web based booking applications causes associations to be profited consistently. These frameworks help to expand business benefit and make an incredible effect on by and large income of the association. What's more, it elevates to advance cashless economy for the nation. Points of interest of the utilization of electronic gadgets in providing food industry Retail location framework causes dealers to take the exchanges and make disentanglement of key everyday tasks in business. Then again, clients can book request with the web based booking applications from their Smartphone (Penazzi et al. 2017). This investigation permits me to comprehend the strategy of exchange and utilization of data innovation in providing food industry. What's more, as the framework is cloud-based, there are no issues with respect to capacity of the reports and data of the association. POS framework likewise coordinates the whole framework flawlessly that helps the association to keep incorporating in a chain of associations. Impediments of hardware gadgets in cooking industry Despite the fact that there are a few favorable circumstances of utilizing electronic gadgets in cooking industry, there are a few restrictions too that I have concentrated through looking into written works. Appearance development of electronic gadgets may get misfortune occupations in the providing food industry. Then again, associations need to enlist IT proficient or talented individual to work the frameworks or create applications that can draw in clients to utilize them (Huang et al. 2017). It costs high for the association. In addition, internet booking applications can bring security issues as secret data are related with it, for example, credit or check card data. Degrees for utilizing electronic gadgets in cooking industry Dissecting advantages and constraints of utilizing electronic gadgets in Chinese providing food industry, I have discovered some future extensions and opportunities for utilizing the innovation. As steady development of science and data innovation permits us to make life simpler with the assistance of web, it gets important to benefit the majority of the administration carefully. Then again, being cloud based help; there would be less paper utilization that diminishes costs for it. Also, information will be made sure about for putting away in cloud. Likewise, POS framework can follow deals just as sync them when on the web if web goes down. Utilization of web-based social networking stage in providing food industry The current age manages the development of web and web-based social networking. It is utilized for a few purposes (Feixiang et al. 2016). Providing food industry is additionally not out of them. Internet based life stage, for example, Facebook and Twitter become well known hotspot for checking on the administration of the association. It encourages the association to comprehend clients requests and find a way to satisfy the requests. Then again, investigating administration can control different clients to profit the administration. Likewise, there is an arrangement to present booking administration through Facebook and Twitter (Zhang et al. 2016). Hence, web based life stages open up an incredible open door for the cooking business to expand their business. Improvement of research system to break down the effect of electronic gadgets on providing food industry It is imperative to choose reasonable and suitable methodological instruments so as to convey forward an exploration in legitimate manner. In the current examination, I have chosen right instruments that empower to comprehend the sort of research that I am going to direct. Moreover, investigate plot gives me a general way to deal with the techniques chose for the examination. Therefore, investigating the diagram and by and large comprehension of research system encourages me for understanding the path through which the examination will be led. Advancement of research structure for the examination In an examination technique, look into configuration acts a significant job. It can give legitimate basic reason for the examination. Investigating the sorts of research structures, I have discovered that elucidating research configuration is proper and appropriate for the examination. As the examination configuration manages explaining the subject of the exploration and structure theory just as understands the circumstances and logical results of the examination issues, the unmistakable plan is appropriate for the examination that I have decided for the examination. Then again, choice of enlightening examination configuration would be valuable to break down the effect of electronic gadgets use in providing food administrations. Determination of fitting examination reasoning for the exploration So as to direct an examination in powerful manner, it is essential to choose legitimate research reasoning. Positivism, authenticity and interpritivism are three sorts of research theory that are typically utilized in an examination (Riedl et al. 2014). The examination would worry with quantifiable perceptions and there will be measurable investigation for understanding the effect of electronic gadgets, for example, POS framework and internet booking applications on Chinese providing food industry (Ganzaroli et al. 2017). Consequently, comprehension of appropriate research reasoning encourages me to better understanding of generally speaking exploration strategy in an examination. Examining research approach for the point Sherri (2015) remarked that examination approach assumes a significant job in an exploration that permits recognizing the sort of the examination. There are two kinds of research, for example, inductive research approach and deductive research approach. Deductive research approach helps to create speculation and test by creating research methodology. What's more, it is appropriate to test past speculations and ideas for which I have chosen deductive research approach for the examination. Utilization of moral contemplations in an exploration Comprehension of moral contemplations is fundamental for conduction of an examination (Smith 2015). There are a few moral contemplations that are required to follow in an exploration. I have picked up information in regards to classification of data of the members in study that is required to keep appropriately without being spilled. In this manner, comprehension of UAE Federal Law of 1987 would assist me with restricting distribution of individual data of a person. Course of events getting ready for an examination Time making arrangements for an examination would help me to finish the exploration inside the distributed time (Taylor et al. 2015). There would be 24 weeks required for fruition of the examination. In every week, I have separated my work that I would go to lead. In this manner, legitimate time arranging would assist me with conducting the exploration in deliberate manner. What's more, it gives me capacity to sort out and plan the time spent on every one of the exercises. It would assist me with increasing adequacy just as profitability. End From the above conversation, it tends to be presumed that this intelligent diary encourages me to create basic intuition aptitudes just as grow, investigate and guard thoughts with respect to the subject. It helps me to recognize the inquiries just as issues as it reflects what I definitely know and what requires for expanding viability with respect to the examination. Moreover, the way toward expanding the comprehension can be comprehended through the intelligent diary. Intelligent practice is upheld of making openings that permit understanding the composing ability in an open-finished organization. Hence, doing intelligent diary on dissecting the effect of electronic gadgets on Chinese providing food industry encourages me to better comprehension of the ideas, distinguishing the issues and suggest solu

Constitution of the United States

Constitution of the United States Introduction Constitution of the United States, document embodying the fundamental principles upon which the American republic is conducted. Drawn up at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787, the Constitution was signed on Sept. 17, 1787, and ratified by the required number of states (nine) by June 21, 1788. It superseded the original charter of the United States in force since 1781 (see Confederation, Articles of) and established the system of federal government that began to function in 1789. The Constitution is concise, and its very brevity and its general statement of principles have, by accident more than by design, made possible the extension of meaning that has fostered growth. There are seven articles and a preamble; 27 amendments have been adopted (see the table entitled Text of the Constitution of the United States). The wording of the Constitution is general, necessitating interpretation, and any short summary is only rough and approximate. From its very beginnings, the Constitution has been subject to stormy controversies, not only in interpretation of some of its phrases, but also between the loose constructionists and strict constructionists. The middle of the 19th cent. saw a tremendous struggle concerning the nature of the Union and the extent of states' rights. The Civil War decided the case in favor of the advocates of strong union, and since that time the general tendency has been toward the centralization and strengthening of federal power. Sections in this article: Introduction The Preamble The Articles The Amendments Bibliography The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Government

Maslow s Hierarchy Of Needs Essay - 2488 Words

Introduction – Understanding Motivation To appreciate what motivates employees in the work place what must first be considered is what motivation actually is. Once this is understood then employers can look at where money comes into to play and how or whether it may be used as a tool in motivating employees. So what is motivation? Motivation consists of the â€Å"biological, emotional, social and cotgnitive forces† Cherry, K, (2016) Motivation: Psychological Factors That Guide Behaviour. Very Well. 16 June. Available Online: [https://www.verywell.com/what-is-motivation-2795378] that stimulate a behaviour or more simply why one carries out an action. At the centre of this essay will be Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (1943, 1954)) and its application to other theories of motivation such as those of Herzberg, Mayo and Warner. Frederick Herzberg Theory of Motivation in relation to Maslow’s Triangle Over the course of the 1950s and 60s Frederick Herzberg carried out research into what motivated employees in the workplace. The results of these studies were unexpected and confuse employers even to this day. What was uncovered, inter-alia, was a sub-standard work environment could make employees miserable to the point of demotivating them, but rectifying these so called â€Å"hygiene† factors would not necessarily reverse the effects. The way to motivate an employee was to give them interesting, challenging work that felt meaningful enough to instil a sense of responsibility. WhatShow MoreRelatedMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1741 Words   |  7 PagesMaslow’s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s. The Maslow’s hierarchy of needs include five levels, and at the certain extent, reflect the rule of human s activities on psychological and behavior. Herzberg’ describe the more details of worker agree or disagree about working. In this essay, more related kno wledge details and effects will de described, then, analysis the two theories individual, choose a better one. II. Describe the two theories. 2.1Maslow’s hierarchy of needs The Maslow’s hierarchy of needsRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1536 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding of how to motivate different personality types. In the research I am going to compare Maslow’s hierarchy of needs against Lawrence and Nohira’s 4 drive theory in an attempt to better understand their possible uses inside an organizational structure. Let’s first take a look a look at the two theories before discussing their potential benefit. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. We need to keep in mind that Maslow’s field was phycology, so his research was done from a medical viewpoint more soRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1524 Words   |  7 PagesSummary of Maslow’s The Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow developed the theories of motivation because he felt that the sophistication of human behavior could not be portrayed through reinforcement or rewards. He felt that human action were directed toward realization and fulfillments and that behavior could be gratified while using multiple types of needs at the same time. Maslow wanted to find positive motivation as to why people react or engage in certain behaviors. He felt that basic survivalRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1295 Words   |  6 PagesMaslow’s hierarchy of needs (p. 379 in EP)? Outline each level and discuss how it relates to motivation. Abraham Maslow was born in 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. He originally studied law because of the influence of my parents, but after marrying his first cousin, Bertha Goodman, and moving to Wisconsin, he became interested in psychology. After achieving his Masters in Psychology, Maslow moved back to Brooklyn and started teaching at a school there. â€Å"One of the many interesting things Maslow noticedRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs982 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Maslow was one of the most influential and important educational psychologists and is recognized by many for his theory on mankind’s hierarchy of needs. Maslow’s theory which is known as â€Å"Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs† is best explained as a pyramid of needs that we as humans must meet in order to progress to another stage of needs. There are five stages in the pyramid of needs and they go as follows: physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and finally self-actualization. MaslowRead MoreMaslow s The Hierarchy Of Needs1769 Words   |  8 Pages Summary of Maslow’s The Hierarchy of Needs Jennifer Thompson Arkansas Tech University Author Note This individual research paper is being submitted on October 13, 2014 for Loretta Cochran’s Management [BUAD 3123] course. â€Æ' Summary of Maslow’s The Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow developed the theories of motivation because he felt that the sophistication of human behavior could not be portrayed through reinforcement or rewards. He felt that human action were directed toward realizationRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1498 Words   |  6 Pagesjust want to survive in life they want to flourish. Maslow s hierarchy of needs explains to us a ranking of needs for most essential to the least. While the interactionist point of view explains how humans are social creatures and social interaction is just as important as all of the other needs listed on Maslow’s Model. Maslow s hierarchy of needs is a ranking of needs for most essential to the least. Corrections Today explains that Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist born in New York, heRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1846 Words   |  8 PagesAbraham Maslow developed the Hierarchy of needs (HON) to try and explain human psychological developments and how these manifest themselves into a worker’s life. We will explore some issues brought up by the model and why it may lack a certain the degree of unification and how it could potentially work better if entwined with other views. Motivation is the â€Å"word derived from the word ’motive’ It’s the process of stimulating people to actions to accomplish the goals† (guide, 2017) Also, MaslowRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pages This international technology company demands strong motivation, stupendous leadership and great understanding between workers. Leaders need to create willingness amongst the employees to operate at their highest potential; this willingness is referred to as motivation. This report is based on a content/needs theory of motivation (Maslow’s hierarchy of needs). It consists of two pieces of primary research on the theory. The first one summarises worker motivation on selected construction sites inRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1388 Words   |  6 Pages Abraham Maslow was an American philosopher who was born in the early 1990 s in Brooklyn, New York. He was one of the leading theorists that promoted humanistic psychology during his era. Maslow sought to understand what motivates and inspires individuals. He theorized that individuals possess and hold a group of motivation and incentive systems not related to plunder or insensible desires. Maslow declared that people are motivated and provoked to attain certain needs. When one need is fulfilled

Oliver Wendell Holmess Relationship With Morality

A substantial debate over the law’s relationship with morality exists within the legal system. This debate gained new perspective when Oliver Wendell Holmes published The Path of Law in 1897, which outlined his view on the relationship between the law and morality. This paper will first consider whether or not Holmes believed that a writing must be moral in order to constitute a law. Next, we will explore my general agreement with Holmes’ view on this matter. Then, the paper will consider an objection to my agreement with Holmes, and then reply to that objection. Finally, we will end by analyzing the discussion of the relationship between morality and law. In this paper, I will argue that Holmes does not believe that a writing must be†¦show more content†¦With a solid understanding of the nature of law according to Holmes, one may now determine whether or not Holmes viewed morality as a necessary condition for a writing to be considered a law. Based on the nature of the law outlined by Holmes, one can conclude that Holmes did not believe that a writing must be moral in order to constitute a law. As we have seen, the law is nothing more than a mechanism of prediction (Holmes, 184). According to this definition, a writing does not have to be grounded in morality in order to be considered a law, but rather just has to play a role in this prediction mechanism. In order to be considered a law, a writing must be a prediction of how state force will be used in the future or a past legal decision which could help make more predictions about how state force will be used. This leaves morality out of the necessary conditions of a writing to be considered a law. Holmes goes as far as to say that moral language confuses the distinction between morality and law (183). Furthermore, he says that he â€Å"often doubt[s] [whether] it would not be a gain if every word of moral significance could be banished from the law altogether† (H olmes, 185). This is in spite of Holmes noting that the law â€Å"tends to make good citizens and [morally] good men† (183). Also contrary to the hard line Holmes draws between morality and law, Holmes states that the law shows us the history and progression of morality in humans (183). These two facts show thatShow MoreRelatedOliver Wendell HolmesView On The Relationship Between The Law And Morality1560 Words   |  7 PagesA substantial debate regarding the law’s relationship with morality exists within the legal system. This debate gained new perspective when Oliver Wendell Holmes published The Path of Law in 1897. This work outlined Holmes’ view on the relationship between the law and morality. This paper will first consider whether or not Holmes believed that a writing must be moral in order to constitute a law. Next, the paper will explore my general agreement with Holmes’ view on this matter. Then, the paper willRead MoreTorts study notes Essay171 10 Words   |  69 Pagesreviewed the record of early tort writings to determine what support they could find for this theory; they ended up merely reporting that â€Å"with the benefit of hindsight, it is possible to find . . . prefigurings of the modern economic approach in Holmes’s chapters on tort law and later articles by Ames and Terry.†19 Beginning with its first edition in 1941, the influential Prosser treatise suggested that deterrence, while it sometimes â€Å"has weight† in tort opinions, â€Å"seldom† is the â€Å"controlling† factor

Balloon Car Free Essays

Jesse Pinkman Balloon Car Project DESIGN COMPANY INFORMATION Well our business company is comprised of Nick Wilson and I, Thomas Kinley. Our Company’s name is That Company ®. I am the President, The CFO, and the Director of all Operations of That Company. We will write a custom essay sample on Balloon Car or any similar topic only for you Order Now My engineering experience will really enhance our chances of winning this and making even more cars. I’ve worked for many toy companies to get cars running. I think our idea will help Iowa’s kid have fun and save the world because of the recycled materials. This will benefit students by giving them something to play within their free time instead of watching TV. PROJECT STATEMENT The project that is at hand is very simple it is making a balloon powered car out of simply recycled materials. This will help kids of Iowa learn about wheels and axles. It will also teach them how to make the most out of materials that could be recycled. This will also teach the kids about the Laws of Motion, friction, and acceleration. Basically our project will be distributed to teach kids about many different things in science. PRELIMINARY DESIGN My design will start with an empty pop can, and then I will screw holes for the axles (pencils) to go into. Then I will shave the pencils for the least amount friction, and then I will stick the milk carton caps on as my wheels. I will spray WD-40 on to really loosen up the axle. I am going to cut some of the can off for aerodynamics. My car will win because it will be aerodynamic, little friction, but still a lot of acceleration. How to cite Balloon Car, Papers

Mergers and Acquisitions free essay sample

Mergers and acquisitions have become an important medium to expand product portfolios, entering new markets, which would enable the company, compete on a global scale (Yadav and Kumar, 2005). However, there have been instances where mergers and acquisitions are been entered into for non value maximizing reasons i. e. to just build the company’s profile and prestige (Malatesta, 1983; Roll, 1986). However, it is important to note that mergers and acquisitions do not regularly create value for shareholders. Many mergers and acquisitions fail as well. Failure occurs and it deteriorates the wealth of the shareholders when the integration process for mergers and acquisitions does not work in proper flow. Almost two thirds of the firms who enter into mergers and acquisitions result into failure, which leads to divestures at a later stage (Schweiger, 2003). 1. 1 Definition of Mergers and Acquisitions While the terms mergers and acquisition are often used interchangeably, these two terms are different. We will write a custom essay sample on Mergers and Acquisitions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the academic literature, there are a number of authors who define merger, acquisition and takeover differently. A merger is said to occur when two or more companies combine into one company. (Sudarsanam, 1995). The shareholders of the combining firms often remain as joint owners of the combined entity. In mergers, there is complete combination of the assets and liabilities as well as shareholders’ interests and businesses of the merging companies. However, according to Sherman and Hart (2006), a merger is a combination of two or more companies in which the assets and liabilities of the selling firms are absorbed by the buying firm. Gaughan (2002) looks at a merger as a process in which two corporations combine, only one survives, and the merged corporation ceases to exist. Mergers or amalgamation mat take two forms: Merger through absorption and Mergers through consolidation. Absorption is a combination of two or more companies into an existing company. All companies except one lose their identity in a merger through absorption; On the other hand, consolidation is a combination of two or more companies into a new company. In this form of merger, all companies are legally dissolved and a new entity is created. In a consolidation, the acquired company transfers its assets, liabilities and shares to the new company for cash or exchange of shares. An acquisition on the other hand, is the purchase of an asset such as a plant, a division or an entire company. Sudarsanam (1995) defines acquisition as an ‘arms- length deal’, where one company purchases the shares of another company and the acquired company is no longer the owner of the firm. An acquisition therefore is an act of acquiring effective control over assets or management of a company by another company without any combination of businesses or companies. While a merger is a transaction between equal partners, acquisitions are used to denote a transaction where a substantially bigger company (the bidder) takes over a smaller company (the target). A substantial acquisition occurs when an acquiring firm acquires substantial quantity of shares or voting rights of the target company. Therefore, two or more companies may remain independent, separate entity but there may be change in control of companies. A distinction between takeover and acquisition is made. The term ‘takeover’ is sometimes understood to connote hostility. Generally speaking takeovers means acquisitions. When an acquisition is a forced or unwilling acquisition, it is called a takeover. According to Gaughan (2002), a takeover occurs when the acquiring firm takes over the control of the target firm. An acquisition or takeover does not necessarily entail full, legal control. . Despite this need to clarify the distinction between these terms which is in line with common practice in academic literature on this subject, Chiplin and Wright (1988) suggests that the terms ‘mergers’ , ‘acquisitions’ and ‘takeovers’ can be used synonymously in an academic study situation. Additionally, as Sherman and Hart (2006) proposes a similar approach arguing that, at the end, the differences in the meaning may not really matter since the result of these processes is often the same i. e. two companies that had separate ownerships are operating under the same roof, usually to obtain some strategic and financial objectives. 1. 2Motives for Mergers and Acquisition Mergers and acquisitions are strategic decisions leading to the maximization of a company’s growth by enhancing its production and marketing operations. The combination of two companies facilitates: 1. 2. Synergy: Another commonly cited motive for mergers is the pursuit of synergistic benefits. This is the new financial math that 2+2=5 (Pearson, 1999) That is, as the equation shows, the combination of two firms will yield a more valuable entity than the value of the sum of the two firms if they were to stay independent. (Sherman, 1998). Synergies can be further discussed as being financial, operatin g or managerial synergies. * Operational Synergy: Operational synergies refer to those classes of resources that lead to production and/or administrative efficiencies (Peck, Temple 2002).

Phrasal Verbs With Look for English Learners

Phrasal Verbs With Look for English Learners There are a number of phrasal verbs and phrasal verb expressions with the verb look.  If you are unfamiliar with phrasal verbs, this guide to what are phrasal verbs explains everything. Teachers can use this introducing phrasal verbs lesson plan to help students become more familiar with phrasal verbs and start building phrasal verb vocabulary. Finally, there are a wide variety of phrasal verb resources on the site to help you learn new phrasal verbs. Learning Phrasal Verbs with Look Read this story about a man who looked up his friend Peter. You will notice that the story is full of phrasal verbs and expressions with look. Try to read the story a few times to understand how the various phrasal verbs with look are used. Following the story, you will also find all the phrasal verbs with look put into categories with definitions and example sentences taken from the story. Looking Up Peter in Seattle Last week I was in Seattle and I remembered that my friend Peter had recently moved there. I looked up his name in the telephone book, called, but got the answering machine. Luckily, I finally found him at work. He was looking at a picture on his desk, and I swear he looked like the famous actor Harrison Ford! I know Peter looked up to Harrison Ford, but I was a little surprised to see that he had become a look-alike! I said Look lively! and he raised his eyes and looked me up and down. Hello! if it isnt my old friend Ken!, Peter said. With that, he got up, looked me up and down and shook my hand. I must admit, Peter didnt look his age in the slightest. In fact, he looked as if he was ten years older! I looked him straight in the eye and said, Well, I was in town and thought Id look in on you to see how youre doing in Seattle. How have you been? Peter responded that he was fine, but that he was also on the look out for a new cat. Looking over at the picture, I noticed that it was of a cat. Yes, he sighed, I didnt really look after my first cat very well. It ran away. Im sorry to hear that, I said. We talked for a while and decided to go out for a coffee. We were at a Starbucks when a beautiful woman walked into the Cafe. Peter quickly looked the other way. Whos she?, I asked. Nobody, just someone who looks down their nose at me. Just then somebody shouted Look out! Peter jumped up and pushed the woman hard. At first, she looked daggers at him. Then, realizing what had happened, she noticed that because Peter had been looking lively, she hadnt slipped on a ice coffee drink that was all over the floor. Im glad I looked Peter up, it certainly was an interesting day... Phrasal Verbs with Look Finding Someone or Something Look up: look for information in a reference bookI looked up his name in the telephone book, called, but got the answering machine.to find someoneIm glad I looked Peter up, it certainly was an interesting day. Look in on someone: visit someone at their home or place of work, check up on someoneI was in town and thought Id look in on you to see how youre doing in Seattle. Be on the look out for: Trying to find something or someone, interested in purchasing something Look up to someone: respect or admire someoneI know Peter looked up to Harrison Ford. Look someone up and down: Examine someone carefully, look at someone very carefully, often with disdainWith that, he got up, looked me up and down and shook my hand. Look someone straight in the eye Look at someone with seriousnessI looked him straight in the eye... Expressions of Looking at People or Things Look over at: To look in the direction of somethingLooking over at the picture, I noticed that it was of a cat. Look the other way: Look away from something that you see, not notice something on purposePeter quickly looked the other way. Look down your nose on/at someone: Feel superior to someone...someone who looks down their nose at me. Look daggers at someone: Look with hatred or intense dislike at someoneAt first, she looked daggers at him. Look after: Take care of something or someoneI didnt really look after my first cat very well. It ran away. Appearances Look like: Be similar in physical appearance... he looked like the famous actor Harrison Ford! Look your age: Appear to be your actual age (someone can look older, or younger than their age)I must admit, Peter didnt look his age in the slightest. Warnings Look out!: Be carefulLook out! Look lively!: Pay attention...she noticed that because Peter had been looking lively, she hadnt slipped on a ice coffee drink...

How to Write a Book in 2019 A Proven Guide From a Best Seller

How to Write a Book in 2019 A Proven Guide From a Best Seller How to Write a Book: Everything You Need to Know in 20 Steps So you want to write a book. Becoming an author can change your life- not to mention give you the ability to impact thousands, even millions, of people. However, writing a book is no cakewalk. As a 21-time New York Times bestselling author, I can tell you: It’s far easier to quit than to finish. When you run out of ideas, when your own message bores you, or when you become overwhelmed by the sheer scope of the task, you’re going to be tempted to give up. But what if you knew exactly: Where to start What each step entails How to overcome fear, procrastination, and writer’s block And how to keep from feeling overwhelmed? You can do this- and more quickly than you might think, because these days you have access to more writing tools than ever. The key is to follow a proven, straightforward, step-by-step plan. My goal here is to offer you that plan. I’ve used the techniques I outline below to write more than 190 books (including the Left Behind series) over the past 40 years. Yes, I realize averaging over four books per year is more than you may have thought humanly possible. But trust me- with a reliable blueprint, you can get unstuck and finish your book. This is my personal approach to how to write a book. I’m confident you’ll find something here that can change the game for you. So, let’s jump in. How to Write a Book From Start to Finish in 20 Steps Establish your writing space. Assemble your writing tools. Break the project into small pieces. Settle on your BIG idea. Construct your outline. Set a firm writing schedule. Establish a sacred deadline. Embrace procrastination (really!). Eliminate distractions. Conduct your research. Start calling yourself a writer. Think reader-first. Find your writing voice. Write a compelling opener. Fill your story with conflict and tension. Turn off your internal editor while writing the first draft. Persevere through The Marathon of the Middle. Write a resounding ending. Become a ferocious self-editor. Find a mentor. Want to download this 20-step guide so you can read it whenever you wish? Click here. Part One: Before You Begin You’ll never regret- in fact, you’ll thank yourself later- for investing the time necessary to prepare for such a monumental task. You wouldn’t set out to cut down a huge grove of trees with just an axe. You’d need a chain saw, perhaps more than one. Something to keep them sharp. Enough fuel to keep them running. You get the picture. Don’t shortcut this foundational part of the process. 1. Establish your writing space. To write your book, you don’t need a sanctuary. In fact, I started my career on my couch facing a typewriter perched on a plank of wood suspended by two kitchen chairs. What were you saying about your setup again?We do what we have to do. And those early days on that sagging couch were among the most productive of my career. Naturally, the nicer and more comfortable and private you can make your writing lair (I call mine my cave), the better. (If you dedicate a room solely to your writing, you can even write off a portion of your home mortgage, taxes, and insurance proportionate to that space.) Real writers can write anywhere. Some write in restaurants and coffee shops. My first fulltime job was at a newspaper where 40 of us clacked away on manual typewriters in one big room- no cubicles, no partitions, conversations hollered over the din, most of my colleagues smoking, teletype machines clattering. Cut your writing teeth in an environment like that, and anywhere else seems glorious. 2. Assemble your writing tools. In the newspaper business there was no time to handwrite our stuff and then type it for the layout guys. So I have always written at a keyboard. Most authors do, though some handwrite their first drafts and then keyboard them onto a computer or pay someone to do that. No publisher I know would even consider a typewritten manuscript, let alone one submitted in handwriting. The publishing industry runs on Microsoft Word, so you’ll need to submit Word document files. Whether you prefer a Mac or a PC, both will produce the kinds of files you need. And if you’re looking for a musclebound electronic organizing system, you can’t do better than Scrivener. It works well on both PCs and Macs, and it nicely interacts with Word files. Just remember, Scrivener has a steep learning curve, so familiarize yourself with it before you start writing. Scrivener users know that taking the time to learn the basics is well worth it. So, what else do you need? If you are one who handwrites your first drafts, don’t scrimp on paper, pencils, or erasers. Don’t shortchange yourself on a computer either. Even if someone else is keyboarding for you, you’ll need a computer for research and for communicating with potential agents, editors, publishers. Get the best computer you can afford, the latest, the one with the most capacity and speed. Try to imagine everything you’re going to need in addition to your desk or table, so you can equip yourself in advance and don’t have to keep interrupting your work to find things like: Staplers Paper clips Rulers Pencil holders Pencil sharpeners Note pads Printing paper Paperweight Tape dispensers Cork or bulletin boards Clocks Bookends Reference works Space heaters Fans Lamps Beverage mugs Napkins Tissues You name it Last, but most crucial, get the best, most ergonomic chair you can afford. If I were to start my career again with that typewriter on a plank, I would not sit on that couch. I’d grab another straight-backed kitchen chair or something similar and be proactive about my posture and maintaining a healthy spine. There’s nothing worse than trying to be creative and immerse yourself in writing while you’re in agony. The chair I work in today cost more than my first car! If you’ve never used some of the items I listed above and can’t imagine needing them, fine. But make a list of everything you know you’ll need so when the actual writing begins, you’re already equipped. As you grow as a writer and actually start making money at it, you can keep upgrading your writing space. Where I work now is light years from where I started. But the point is, I didn’t wait to start writing until I could have a great spot in which to do it. Part Two: How to Start Writing a Book 3. Break the project into small pieces. Writing a book feels like a colossal project, because it is! But your manuscript will be made up of many small parts. An old adage says that the way to eat an elephant is one bite at a time. Try to get your mind off your book as a 400-or-so-page monstrosity. It can’t be written all at once any more than that proverbial elephant could be eaten in a single sitting. See your book for what it is: a manuscript made up of sentences, paragraphs, pages. Those pages will begin to add up, and though after a week you may have barely accumulated double digits, a few months down the road you’ll be into your second hundred pages. So keep it simple. Start by distilling your big book idea from a page or so to a single sentence- your premise. The more specific that one-sentence premise, the more it will keep you focused while you’re writing. But let’s not get ahead of ourselves. Before you can turn your big idea into one sentence, which can then be expanded to an outline, you have to settle on exactly what that big idea is. 4. Settle on your BIG idea. To be book-worthy, your idea has to be killer. You need to write something about which you’re passionate, something that gets you up in the morning, draws you to the keyboard, and keeps you there. It should excite not only you, but also anyone you tell about it. I can’t overstate the importance of this. If you’ve tried and failed to finish your book before- maybe more than once- it could be that the basic premise was flawed. Maybe it was worth a blog post or an article but couldn’t carry an entire book. Think The Hunger Games, Harry Potter, or How to Win Friends and Influence People. The market is crowded, the competition fierce. There’s no more room for run-of-the-mill ideas. Your premise alone should make readers salivate. Go for the big concept book. How do you know you’ve got a winner? Does it have legs? In other words, does it stay in your mind, growing and developing every time you think of it? Run it past loved ones and others you trust. Does it raise eyebrows? Elicit Wows? Or does it result in awkward silences? The right concept simply works, and you’ll know it when you land on it. Most importantly, your idea must capture you in such a way that you’re compelled to write it. Otherwise you’ll lose interest halfway through and never finish. 5. Construct your outline. Want to download this 20-step guide so you can read it whenever you wish? Click here. Starting your writing without a clear vision of where you’re going will usually end in disaster. Even if you’re writing fiction and consider yourself a Pantser* as opposed to an Outliner, you need at least a basic structure. [*Those of us who write by the seat of our pants and, as Stephen King advises, put interesting characters in difficult situations and write to find out what happens] You don’t have to call it an outline if that offends your sensibilities. But fashion some sort of a directional document that provides structure and also serves as a safety net. If you get out on that Pantser highwire and lose your balance, you’ll thank me for advising you to have this in place. Now if you’re writing a nonfiction book, there’s no substitute for an outline. Potential agents or publishers require this in your proposal. They want to know where you’re going, and they want to know that you know. What do you want your reader to learn from your book, and how will you ensure they learn it? Fiction or nonfiction, if you commonly lose interest in your book somewhere in what I call the Marathon of the Middle, you likely didn’t start with enough exciting ideas. That’s why and outline (or a basic framework) is essential. Don’t even start writing until you’re confident your structure will hold up through the end. You may recognize this novel structure illustration. Did you know it holds up- with only slight adaptations- for nonfiction books too? It’s self-explanatory for novelists; they list their plot twists and developments and arrange them in an order that best serves to increase tension. What separates great nonfiction from mediocre? The same structure! Arrange your points and evidence in the same way so you’re setting your reader up for a huge payoff, and then make sure you deliver. If your nonfiction book is a memoir, an autobiography, or a biography, structure it like a novel and you can’t go wrong. But even if it’s a straightforward how-to book, stay as close to this structure as possible, and you’ll see your manuscript come alive. Make promises early, triggering your reader to anticipate fresh ideas, secrets, inside information, something major that will make him thrilled with the finished product. While you may not have as much action or dialogueor character development as your novelist counterpart, your crises and tension can come from showing where people have failed before and how you’re going to ensure your reader will succeed. You can even make the how-to project look impossible until you pay off that setup with your unique solution. Keep your outline to a single page for now. But make sure every major point is represented, so you’ll always know where you’re going. And don’t worry if you’ve forgotten the basics of classic outlining or have never felt comfortable with the concept. Your outline must serve you. If that means Roman numerals and capital and lowercase letters and then Arabic numerals, you can certainly fashion it that way. But if you just want a list of sentences that synopsize your idea, that’s fine too. Simply start with your working title, then your premise, then- for fiction, list all the major scenes that fit into the rough structure above. For nonfiction, try to come up with chapter titles and a sentence or two of what each chapter will cover. Once you have your one-page outline, remember it is a fluid document meant to serve you and your book. Expand it, change it, play with it as you see fit- even during the writing process. 6.Set a firm writing schedule. Ideally, you want to schedule at least six hours per week to write. That may consist of three sessions of two hours each, two sessions of three hours, or six one-hour sessions- whatever works for you. I recommend a regular pattern (same times, same days) that can most easily become a habit. But if that’s impossible, just make sure you carve out at least six hours so you can see real progress. Having trouble finding the time to write a book? News flash- you won’t find the time. You have to make it. I used the phrase carve out above for a reason. That’s what it takes. Something in your calendar will likely have to be sacrificed in the interest of writing time. Make sure it’s not your family- they should always be your top priority. Never sacrifice your family on the altar of your writing career. But beyond that, the truth is that we all find time for what we really want to do. Many writers insist they have no time to write, but they always seem to catch the latest Netflix original series, or go to the next big Hollywood feature. They enjoy concerts, parties, ball games, whatever. How important is it to you to finally write your book? What will you cut from your calendar each week to ensure you give it the time it deserves? A favorite TV show? An hour of sleep per night? (Be careful with this one; rest is crucial to a writer.) A movie? A concert? A party? Successful writers make time to write. When writing becomes a habit, you’ll be on your way. 7. Establish a sacred deadline. Without deadlines, I rarely get anything done. I need that motivation. Admittedly, my deadlines are now established in my contracts from publishers. If you’re writing your first book, you probably don’t have a contract yet. To ensure you finish your book, set your own deadline- then consider it sacred. Tell your spouse or loved one or trusted friend. Ask that they hold you accountable. Now determine- and enter in your calendar- the number of pages you need to produce per writing session to meet your deadline. If it proves unrealistic, change the deadline now. If you have no idea how many pages or words you typically produce per session, you may have to experiment before you finalize those figures. Say you want to finish a 400-page manuscript by this time next year. Divide 400 by 50 weeks (accounting for two off-weeks), and you get eight pages per week. Divide that by your typical number of writing sessions per week and you’ll know how many pages you should finish per session. Now is the time to adjust these numbers,while setting your deadline and determining your pages per session. Maybe you’d rather schedule four off weeks over the next year. Or you know your book will be unusually long. Change the numbers to make it realistic and doable, and then lock it in. Remember, your deadline is sacred. 8. Embrace procrastination (really!). You read that right. Don’t fight it; embrace it. You wouldn’t guess it from my 190+ published books, but I’m the king of procrastinators. Surprised? Don’t be. So many authors are procrastinators that I’ve come to wonder if it’s a prerequisite. The secret is to accept it and, in fact, schedule it. I quit fretting and losing sleep over procrastinating when I realized it was inevitable and predictable, and also that it was productive. Sound like rationalization? Maybe it was at first. But I learned that while I’m putting off the writing, my subconscious is working on my book. It’s a part of the process. When you do start writing again, you’ll enjoy the surprises your subconscious reveals to you. So, knowing procrastination is coming, book it on your calendar. Take it into account when you’re determining your page quotas. If you have to go back in and increase the number of pages you need to produce per session, do that (I still do it all the time). But- and here’s the key- you must never let things get to where that number of pages per day exceeds your capacity. It’s one thing to ratchet up your output from two pages per session to three. But if you let it get out of hand, you’ve violated the sacredness of your deadline. How can I procrastinate and still meet more than 190 deadlines? Because I keep the deadlines sacred. 9. Eliminate distractions to stay focused. Are you as easily distracted as I am? Have you found yourself writing a sentence and then checking your email? Writing another and checking Facebook? Getting caught up in the come-ons for pictures of the 10 Sea Monsters You Wouldn’t Believe Actually Exist? Then you just have to check out that precious video from a talk show where the dad surprises the family by returning from the war. That leads to more and more of the same. Once I’m in, my writing is forgotten, and all of a sudden the day has gotten away from me. The answer to these insidious timewasters? Look into these apps that allow you to block your email, social media, browsers, game apps, whatever you wish during the hours you want to write. Some carry a modest fee, others are free. Freedom app. FocusWriter StayFocusd WriteRoom 10. Conduct your research. Yes, research is a vital part of the process, whether you’re writing fiction or nonfiction. Fiction means more than just making up a story. Your details and logic and technical and historical details must be right for your novel to be believable. And for nonfiction, even if you’re writing about a subject in which you’re an expert- as I’m doing here- you’ll be surprised how ensuring you get all the facts right will polish your finished product. In fact, you’d be surprised at how many times I’ve researched a fact or two while writing this blog post alone. The last thing you want is even a small mistake due to your lack of proper research. Regardless the detail, trust me, you’ll hear from readers about it. Your credibility as an author and an expert hinges on creating trust with your reader. That dissolves in a hurry if you commit an error. My favorite research resources are: World Almanacs: These alone list almost everything you need for accurate prose: facts, data, government information, and more. For my novels, I often use these to come up with ethnically accurate character names. TheMerriam-Webster Thesaurus: The online version is great, because it’s lightning fast. You couldn’t turn the pages of a hard copy as quickly as you can get where you want to onscreen. One caution: Never let it be obvious you’ve consulted a thesaurus. You’re not looking for the exotic word that jumps off the page. You’re looking for that common word that’s on the tip of your tongue. WorldAtlas.com: Here you’ll find nearly limitless information about any continent, country, region, city, town, or village. Names, monetary units, weather patterns, tourism info, and even facts you wouldn’t have thought to search for. I get ideas when I’m digging here, for both my novels and my nonfiction books. 11. Start calling yourself a writer. Want to download this 20-step guide so you can read it whenever you wish? Click here. Your inner voice may tell you, â€Å"You’re no writer and you never will be. What do you think you’re doing, trying to write a book? That may be why you’ve stalled at writing your book in the past. But if you’re working at writing, studying writing, practicing writing, that makes you a writer. Don’t wait till you reach some artificial level of accomplishment before calling yourself a writer. A cop in uniform and on duty is a cop whether he’s actively enforced the law yet or not. A carpenter is a carpenter whether he’s ever built a house. Self-identify as a writer now and you’ll silence that inner critic- who, of course, is really you. Talk back to yourself if you must. It may sound silly, but acknowledging yourself as a writer can give you the confidence to keep going and finish your book. Are you a writer? Say so. Part Three: The Writing Itself 12. Think reader-first. This is so important that that you should write it on a sticky note and affix it to your monitor so you’re reminded of it every time you write. Every decision you make about your manuscript must be run through this filter. Not you-first, not book-first, not editor-, agent-, or publisher-first. Certainly not your inner circle- or critics-first. Reader-first, last, and always. If every decision is based on the idea of reader-first, all those others benefit anyway. When fans tell me they were moved by one of my books, I think back to this adage and am grateful I maintained that posture during the writing. Does a scene bore you? If you’re thinking reader-first, it gets overhauled or deleted. Where to go, what to say, what to write next? Decide based on the reader as your priority. Whatever your gut tells you your reader would prefer, that’s your answer. Whatever will intrigue him, move him, keep him reading, those are your marching orders. So, naturally, you need to know your reader. Rough age? General interests? Loves? Hates? Attention span? When in doubt, look in the mirror. The surest way to please your reader is to please yourself. Write what you would want to read and trust there is a broad readership out there that agrees. 13. Find your writing voice. Discovering your voice is nowhere near as complicated as some make it out to be. You can find yours by answering these quick questions: What’s the coolest thing that ever happened to you? Who’s the most important person you told about it? What did you sound like when you did? That’s your writing voice. It should read the way you sound at your most engaged. That’s all there is to it. If you write fiction and the narrator of your book isn’t you, go through the three-question exercise on the narrator’s behalf- and you’ll quickly master the voice. Here’s a blog I posted that’ll walk you through the process. 14. Write a compelling opener. If you’re stuck because of the pressure of crafting the perfect opening line, you’re not alone. And neither is your angst misplaced. This is not something you should put off and come back to once you’ve started on the rest of the first chapter. Oh, it can still change if the story dictates that. But settling on a good one will really get you off and running. It’s unlikely you’ll write a more important sentence than your first one, whether you’re writing fiction or nonfiction. Make sure you’re thrilled with it and then watch how your confidence- and momentum- soars. Most great first lines fall into one of these categories: Surprising Fiction: â€Å"It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.† - George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four Nonfiction: â€Å"By the time Eustace Conway was seven years old, he could throw a knife accurately enough to nail a chipmunk to a tree.† - Elizabeth Gilbert, The Last American Man Dramatic Statement Fiction: â€Å"They shoot the white girl first.† - Toni Morrison, Paradise Nonfiction: â€Å"I was five years old the first time I ever set foot in prison.† - Jimmy Santiago Baca, A Place to Stand Philosophical Fiction: â€Å"Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.† - Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina Nonfiction: â€Å"It’s not about you.† - Rick Warren, The Purpose Driven Life Poetic Fiction: â€Å"When I finally caught up with Abraham Trahearne, he was drinking beer with an alcoholic bulldog named Fireball Roberts in a ramshackle joint just outside of Sonoma, California, drinking the heart right out of a fine spring afternoon. - James Crumley, The Last Good Kiss Nonfiction: â€Å"The village of Holcomb stands on the high wheat plains of western Kansas, a lonesome area that other Kansans call ‘out there.’† - Truman Capote, In Cold Blood Great opening lines from other classics may give you ideas for yours. Heres a list of famous openers. 15. Fill your story with conflict and tension. Your reader craves conflict, and yes, this applies to nonfiction readers as well. In a novel, if everything is going well and everyone is agreeing, your reader will soon lose interest and find something else to do- like watch paint dry. Are two of your characters talking at the dinner table? Have one say something that makes the other storm out. Some deep-seeded rift in their relationship has surfaced. Is it just a misunderstanding that has snowballed into an injustice? Thrust people into conflict with each other. That’ll keep your reader’s attention. Certain nonfiction genres won’t lend themselves to that kind of conflict, of course, but you can still inject tension by setting up your reader for a payoff in later chapters. Check out some of the current bestselling nonfiction works to see how writers accomplish this. Somehow they keep you turning those pages, even in a simple how-to title. Tension is the secret sauce that will propel your reader through to the end. And sometimes that’s as simple as implying something to come. 16. Turn off your internal editor while writing the first draft. Many of us are perfectionists and find it hard to get a first draft written- fiction or nonfiction- without feeling compelled to make every sentence exactly the way we want it. That voice in your head that questions every word, every phrase, every sentence, and makes you worry you’re being redundant or have allowed cliches to creep in- well, that’s just your editor alter ego. He or she needs to be told to shut up. This is not easy. Deep as I am into a long career, I still have to remind myself of this every writing day. I cannot be both creator and editor at the same time. That slows me to a crawl, and my first draft of even one brief chapter could take days. Our job when writing that first draft is to get down the story or the message or the teaching- depending on your genre. It helps me to view that rough draft as a slab of meat I will carve tomorrow. I can’t both produce that hunk and trim it at the same time. A cliche, a redundancy, a hackneyed phrase comes tumbling out of my keyboard, and I start wondering whether I’ve forgotten to engage the reader’s senses or aimed for his emotions. That’s when I have to chastise myself and say, â€Å"No! Don’t worry about that now! First thing tomorrow you get to tear this thing up and put it back together again to your heart’s content!† Imagine yourself wearing different hats for different tasks, if that helps- whatever works to keep you rolling on that rough draft. You don’t need to show it to your worst enemy or even your dearest love. This chore is about creating. Don’t let anything slow you down. Some like to write their entire first draft before attacking the revision. As I say, whatever works. Doing it that way would make me worry I’ve missed something major early that will cause a complete rewrite when I discover it months later. I alternate creating and revising. The first thing I do every morning is a heavy edit and rewrite of whatever I wrote the day before. If that’s ten pages, so be it. I put my perfectionist hat on and grab my paring knife and trim that slab of meat until I’m happy with every word. Then I switch hats, tell Perfectionist Me to take the rest of the day off, and I start producing rough pages again. So, for me, when I’ve finished the entire first draft, it’s actually a second draft because I have already revised and polished it in chunks every day. THEN I go back through the entire manuscript one more time, scouring it for anything I missed or omitted, being sure to engage the reader’s senses and heart, and making sure the whole thing holds together. I do not submit anything I’m not entirely thrilled with. I know there’s still an editing process it will will go through at the publisher, but my goal is to make my manuscript the absolute best I can before they see it. Compartmentalize your writing vs. your revising and you’ll find that frees you to create much more quickly. 17. Persevere through The Marathon of the Middle. Most who fail at writing a book tell me they give up somewhere in what I like to call The Marathon of the Middle. That’s a particularly rough stretch for novelists who have a great concept, a stunning opener, and they can’t wait to get to the dramatic ending. But they bail when they realize they don’t have enough cool stuff to fill the middle. They start padding, trying to add scenes just for the sake of bulk, but they’re soon bored and know readers will be too. This actually happens to nonfiction writers too. The solution there is in the outlining stage, being sure your middle points and chapters are every bit as valuable and magnetic as the first and last. If you strategize the progression of your points or steps in a process- depending on nonfiction genre- you should be able to eliminate the strain in the middle chapters. For novelists, know that every book becomes a challenge a few chapters in. The shine wears off, keeping the pace and tension gets harder, and it’s easy to run out of steam. But that’s not the time to quit. Force yourself back to your structure, come up with a subplot if necessary, but do whatever you need to so your reader stays engaged. Fiction writer or nonfiction author, The Marathon of the Middle is when you must remember why you started this journey in the first place. It isn’t just that you want to be an author. You have something to say. You want to reach the masses with your message. Yes, it’s hard. It still is for me- every time. But don’t panic or do anything rash, like surrendering. Embrace the challenge of the middle as part of the process. If it were easy, anyone could do it. 18. Write a resounding ending. Want to download this 20-step guide so you can read it whenever you wish? Click here. This is just as important for your nonfiction book as your novel. It may not be as dramatic or emotional, but it could be- especially if you’re writing a memoir. But even a how-to or self-help book needs to close with a resounding thud, the way a Broadway theater curtain meets the floor. How do you ensure your ending doesn’t fizzle? Don’t rush it. Give readers the payoff they’ve been promised. They’ve invested in you and your book the whole way. Take the time to make it satisfying. Never settle for close enough just because you’re eager to be finished. Wait till you’re thrilled with every word, and keep revising until you are. If it’s unpredictable, it had better be fair and logical so your reader doesn’t feel cheated. You want him to be delighted with the surprise, not tricked. If you have multiple ideas for how your book should end, go for the heart rather than the head, even in nonfiction. Readers most remember what moves them. Part Four: All Writing Is Rewriting 19. Become a ferocious self-editor. Agents and editors can tell within the first two pages whether your manuscript is worthy of further consideration. That sounds unfair, and maybe it is. But it’s also reality, so we writers need to face it. How can they often decide that quickly on something you’ve devoted months, maybe years, to? Because they can almost immediately envision how much editing would be required to make those first couple of pages publishable. If they decide the investment wouldn’t make economic sense for a 300-400-page manuscript, end of story. Your best bet to keep an agent or editor reading your manuscript? You must become a ferocious self-editor. That means: Omit needless words Choose the simple word over one that requires a dictionary Avoid subtle redundancies, like â€Å"He thought in his mind†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Where else would someone think?) Avoid hedging verbs like almost frowned, sort of jumped, etc. Generally remove the word that- use it only when absolutely necessary for clarity Give the reader credit and resist the urge to explain, as in, â€Å"She walked through the open door.† (Did we need to be told it was open?) Avoid too much stage direction (what every character is doing with every limb and digit) Avoid excessive adjectives Show, don’t tell And many more For my full list and how to use them, click here. (It’s free.) When do you know you’re finished revising? When you’ve gone from making your writing better to merely making it different. That’s not always easy to determine, but it’s what makes you an author. And Finally, the Quickest Way to Succeed 20. Find a mentor. Get help from someone who’s been where you want to be. Imagine engaging a mentor who can help you sidestep all the amateur pitfalls and shave years of painful trial-and-error off your learning curve. Just make sure it’s someone who really knows the writing and publishing world. Many masquerade as mentors and coaches but have never really succeeded themselves. Look for someone widely-published who knows how to work with agents, editors, and publishers. There are many helpful mentors online. I teach writers through this free site, as well as in my members-only Writers Guild. Want to save this definitive guide to read later?Click here or below to download a handy PDF version: Struggling with knowing how to write a book? Tell me in the comments and feel free to ask questions.

IMPACT OF VIDEO GAMES ON STUDENT GPA and STUDY HABITS Research Paper

IMPACT OF VIDEO GAMES ON STUDENT GPA and STUDY HABITS - Research Paper Example According to Diamong and Sauer (2014) video games have no effect on GPAs. Specifically Math and Reading performance remain unaffected among adolescents. On their part, Mifsud, Vella and Camilleri (2013) cited mixed outcomes on learner literacy. Blumberg et al (2013) noted the lack of findings on the effects of violent video games on GPA prevents an informed position on the issue. In light of these balanced findings, common thing is that proper instruction could control any negative impacts of video games on GPA. Blumberg, F.C., Altschuler, E.A., Almonte, D.E., & Mileaf, M.I., (2013). The Impact of Recreational Video Game Play on Childrens and Adolescents Cognition. New Directions for Child & Adolescent Development, 2013(139), 41-50. Mifsud, C.L., Vella, R., & Camilleri, L., (2013). Attitudes towards and effects of the use of video games in classroom learning with specific reference to literacy attainment. Research in Education, 90,

Planning of natural Hazards and Natural disasters Essay

Planning of natural Hazards and Natural disasters - Essay Example Planning systems and techniques ought to be improved considering that the magnitude of some hazards can be altered by the effects of climate change. Planning for natural hazards is of vital essence as it can decrease the potential for damage, injury or even loss of life when a disaster occurs. Sufficient information has been put in circulation regarding preparing for natural disasters. Economists around the world have studied their long term repercussions while NGOs and governments have contemplated various mitigation practices. Scientists have evaluated the ability to improve warning systems; while planners and engineers have attempted to conquer the weaknesses of buildings and infrastructure. All these measures have been put in place with an aim of planning for disasters. However, the process of mitigating natural disasters is much more complex. Most people mainly associate natural hazards and disasters with natural causes whose occurrence cannot be prevented. However, environmenta l degradation can also trigger or even worsen some disasters. Most of these environmental challenges are associated with the outward spread of urban development. For instance, deforestation results in an increase in surface run-off concentration causing flooding as well as destabilized slopes which results devastating landslides. Empirical evidence advocates that countries in which environmental degradation is most severe suffer most from natural disasters. For example, the Nepal floods that occurred in 1993 were mainly as a result of deforestation and change in catchment drainage patterns (Shaw et al 32). Therefore, conservation of the environment can help mitigate the occurrence of these natural disasters. Planning and preparedness is of vital essence for both management and mitigation of natural hazards and disasters. The following report, based on the book The Environmental Planning Handbook for sustainable communities and regions by Tom Daniels and Katherine Daniels, presents a n analysis of how natural hazards and disasters can be prevented, through environmental protection at the local level. According to T. Daniels and K. Daniels (3), the issue of environmental protection is global and depends largely on timely and effective action at the local level. This report explains complex environmental issues and offers guidance to local governments on how to incorporate comprehensive planning into sustainable environmental quality in the local community. Once these guidelines are followed, they will help conserve the environment in the local community and in return help mitigate the occurrence and magnitude of natural hazards and disasters. According to T. Daniels and K. Daniels (11), planning as the process of making choices and organizing resources to achieve the set goals and objectives. Through planning, communities can minimize or even avoid water and air pollution, conversion of both farms and forestlands, loss of wild life as well as the overall degradat ion of the environment. Comprehensive planning refers to preparation of documents aimed at directing the current and future economic and physical development of a local government. Comprehensive planning is a continuous process and sets forth how a community will look, function and grow over a period of between 10 and 20 years (T. Daniels and K. Daniels 12). Environmental Hazards and Disasters The world is fast becoming more susceptible to natural

Descriptive Essay - The Baseball Diamond -- Descriptive Essay, Descript

The Baseball Diamond Many people don't understand the point in playing baseball. Why would someone swing a stick, hit a ball, and try to get back to where they started before the ball returns? What pleasure is there in that? Why not participate in a sport like wrestling or track where there is an obvious level of individual improvement and therefore pleasure. Well, I play baseball because of the love I have for the sport, and because of the feeling that overwhelms me every time I walk onto a baseball field. When I walk onto a field I am given the desire to better myself not only as an athlete, but also as a person. The thoughts and feelings I get drive me to work hard towards my goals and to be a better person. The most relevant example of these feelings is when I stepped on the field at Runyon Complex in Pueblo, Colorado during our high school state playoffs in 2003. This baseball field will always be an important place to me. It was two hours before our anticipated game against Manitou Springs, the second ranked team in the state. As I walked through the brick arches I heard nothing but honking traffic from blocks away. I got an eerie feeling when I saw all the smoke coming out of industrial factories, and noticed that no one else was there; I felt like I was in a ghost town. Our team started to go on to the field that we would be playing on to observe the differences in it. As I walked through the gate leading to the field, I was awestruck. It seemed as though this field was the only place in this strange neighborhood privileged enough to receive light from the blazing sun; standing on the field made it seem as though the creepy town had disappeared. The feeling overwhelmed me as I saw the flawless grass outfield and th... ...gout echoed with yells and high pitched whoops. The announcer began announcing our team to start the introduction for the game. Since I was the lead-off batter, my name was echoed over the park first. It was at this time that the feeling elevated; the feeling that makes every baseball field so special. As my teammates yelled for me, while I ran to the nearest baseline and faced the crowd, the feeling gave me goose bumps and raised the hairs on the back of my neck. The feeling is so amazing that it will keep me playing baseball for as long as possible because it makes my love for the sport that much more. I can't even begin to explain the complex feeling I get when I walk on a baseball field, but that feeling will always be cherished and hopefully when I pass on my love of baseball to others, they will too understand what that special diamond makes me feel like.

Explore the ways Willy Russell uses dramatic devices to present the key themes and ideas in his play

Blood Brothers is a play about two twins Edward and Mickey who are separated at birth by their mother as she cannot afford to keep both of them. The play was written by Willy Russell who is a famous play write that was born near Liverpool in 1947 and lived on a council estate. He left school at the age of 15 with one O-level in English; he went on to be a hair dresser and also wrote songs in his spare time. As an adult, after struggling as a singer he went back to school to get better qualifications and then went on to be a teacher. He never forgot his roots though and he eventually achieved success writing plays 9in the common speech based on the stories he heard from people. He still lives in Liverpool and wrights theatre, musical theatre and plays for TV. The play is set in three eras, the first is a 1960's busy Liverpool town. The second is set in the same time but in the county, and the third is modern day suburbia. This play revolves strongly around themes within the play and a lot of the characters actions depend on them. There are 5 main themes in this play. They are: Class Guns Superstition Family Friend ship And in this essay I will be further exploring what part these themes play in Blood Brothers. Section 1 â€Å"Class† Class is one of the most important themes in the play. It forms a barrier of society that defines the rich and well mannered from the lower class folk. From early on in the play the audience can tell how class plays a large role into how the characters are treated. For example on page 39 there is a scene were Mickey, Linda and Edward are caught by the police for throwing stones at a house. The police man asks for their names when Edward replies â€Å"Adolph Hitler† the police man then takes the children to both of their parents. Mickey's mum gets a threat from the police as Mickey gets into a lot of trouble with the law. But when the police man takes Ed to his father he hands the police man a glass of scotch and they start talking like mates and the police man passes it over as just childish mischief. Another area this is displayed in is pages 10/11 were Mrs Johnston and Mrs Lyons are singing about how each of them would raise the child. One quote is that â€Å"If my child was raised in a palace like this one he wouldn't have worry were his next meal was coming from† Shows that Mrs Lyons can provide food and shelter without any trouble wear as Mrs Johnson owes a lot of people money and has a house that is quite frankly falling apart. Section 2 â€Å"Guns† Guns are also a very important theme in this play. As in the play it gives the image that a gun can turn one of the weaker characters into a much bigger stronger more powerful person. It is this deception that all the kids treat them as toys and feel that if they have a gun then it makes them better than all the other kids. This idea is shown in the section on page 30/31 with the song â€Å"its all just a game†. Were the children got the impression that if you get shot â€Å"you just cross you're fingers and count to one to ten† you'll be ok and you can start again. Also on page 36 Mickey, Ed and Linda have borrowed Sammie's gun and are firing at some tin cans. Ed and Linda both manage to achieve hitting the cans but Mickey doesn't hit a single one of them showing although he likes the concept of having a gun he dose not posses the right skills needed to accurately hit his target. Section 3 â€Å"Superstition† Superstition like the others is a important theme that pops up a lot in the plays storyline but there are two areas of the play were these are highlighted. On page 35 when Mrs Johnston swipes the new shoes of the table after Mrs Lyons puts them their. This tells the audience that Mrs Johnston takes a simple old wife's tale far to seriously and Mrs Lyons takes this into note as she later uses this against her. This makes Mrs Johnston look quite weak and could be easily lured witch make sit a very good dramatic devise. Also the song shoes upon the table I think reflects Mrs Johnston's thoughts on superstition and the song relates how big a factor this is in the play. Section 4 â€Å"Family† Family also comes into a large theme in the play as it determines the sort of treatment the characters got and where they stood. One of the first times you see family involved in the story line is on page 28 with the poem â€Å"I'm nearly eight† this is a quite significant poem as it is the only one in the play making it have a lot of meaning behind it. In the poem Mickey basically makes a list of what his older brother Sammy can do but he can't. He talks about how he can play with matches and has a toy gun. In the poem he looks up to him although he has authority over him as he is younger and it just because of that fact that Mickey will do as he says and has a fear of him. Another example is how Ed and Mickey treat their mothers. Mickey is very respectful to his mother and follows any requests that she gives him. This shows that Mickey respects what his mother does for him. Ed however only has respected his mum though her telling him off and shouting at her not what she has done for him I also think this could be done as a dramatic devise because a blood mother and son have a bond that they are born with and I feel this is showed where Mrs Johnston talks with Ed like a son just before he is about to move away to the country. Section 5 â€Å"Friendship† Friendship is another really important theme in the play as friends can help you through rough times and it can also turn an already bad situation into a worse one. An example of this is on page 63 with the developing relationship between Ed and Mickey's wife Linda. As cheating is already a unforgivable thing to do but to do with a best friend AKA a secret brother is a heart wrenching pain Mickey will feel and he goes off in revenge, as we see in the play. But on page 41/42 and the song â€Å"My friend† reveals the bond Mickey and Ed have and the way they wish to be like each other yet they don't at the same time. And with the false identity of being best friends they create a bond that they might not of had if they were just brothers. Conclusion W. Russell use lots of dramatic devises in this play in what I think was just the right places so they could all unfold in a fantastic finale. He also highlighted all the key themes and kept coming back to them so they wouldn't be forgotten and he used them so they would all make their own scenarios in a situation. I enjoyed the play very much and the book as well.

The Notion of Religious Establishment and Modern Democracy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3097 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Religion Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? From a modern perspective religion undoubtedly has been on the decline in the UK, however as the UK is one of the most pluralistic societies in Europe it would be inappropriate to rule out the importance of religion completely. Religion has become an increasingly important topic within government, illustrated by the enactment of specific legislation such as Human Rights Act 1998 and Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006[1]. Despite the practice and promotion of several faiths in the UK, Morris argues that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The United Kingdom remains locked constitutionally so far as religion is concerned.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [2] It is suggested that the existence of the established Church of England (COE) contributes hugely to this due to its anachronistic representation in a modern society. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Notion of Religious Establishment and Modern Democracy" essay for you Create order This essay will explore whether the notion of establishment is compatible within a modern democracy and other systems in Europe will also be given brief consideration to demonstrate how disestablishment of the COE should not be sought immediately and how our current system provides more benefit than harm. Defining Establishment According to Ogilive, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an established Church is that single Church within a country accepted and recognized by the State as the truest expression of the Christian faith.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [3] Lord Rogers provided an English perspective on establishment by acknowledging that although the COE has à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“certain important linksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [4] with the State, the aims and objectives of the COE differ from those of the State as they have a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“religious mission.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [5] Establishment is generally defined by inspecting the relationship between public bodies and religious authorities. It has also been classified into high and low[6], with the former focusing on the Monarchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role as Supreme Governor of the COE in addition to the presence of Bishops in the House of Lords (HL). In comparison, the latter focuses on the influence of the COE in the ordinary lives of citizens in areas such as prisons or education. Incidents of Establishment The Act of Supremacy[7] affirmed the monarchs position as the only Supreme Head of the COE which was later renamed to Supreme Governor of the COE . The monarchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s position with regard to the COE was further enhanced by the Coronation Oath Act[8] which provides a duty à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“to maintain the true profession of the gospel and the protestant religion.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Whilst this preserves the symbolic status of the COE, it also calls into the question the legitimacy of such statutes in a diverse society. Further controversy relates to the Act of Settlement[9] which deliberately rules out the possibility of a Catholic mona rch and for many today, the existence of such principles is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“shocking to modern eyes.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [10] The underlying purpose of the act was to ensure Protestant succession to the throne and to place limitations on instances where the monarch could marry a person of the Roman Catholic faith. Some commentators argue that the existence of such anti-catholic provisions is not acceptable in contemporary society as it implies that the monarchy is dependent upon anti-catholic beliefs[11]. An example of a royal family member who was not eligible to the line of succession due to marriage with a Roman Catholic is The Earl of St. Andrews.[12] The Act of Settlement sits at unease with the existence of statutes such as the HRA 1998[13] which aim to eliminate discrimination. The act only excludes the possibility of marrying a Roman Catholic which means other faiths are not included in the restrictions however this simply makes the exclusion even more specific and controversial. The coronation ceremony is a symbolic element of bestowing upon the monarch their authority however the event is centralised around Christian principles. Critics argue that this symbolic ceremony should adopt an inclusive rather than exclusive approach. The Fabian Commission[14] also supported this concern as it reported that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a specifically Anglican coronation service is no longer appropriate.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The commission also reported that the focus of the ceremony should be on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“democratic authority conferred on the monarch as Head of Stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [15] and due to this, the coronation would be viewed as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“multi-faith service and be secular.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [16] A pluralistic society demands respect for all religious denominations however when the supreme position of the country is discriminatory itself, this calls into question the democratic principles of such a state as religious freedom cannot be an underlying privilege. The example of Tony Blairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s late declaration of the Catholic faith illustrates this point and shows the anxiety surrounding this whole debate. The passage of the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 removed the disqualification provision after marriage to a Roman Catholic and also removed the prohibition on the monarch being married to a Roman Catholic which indicates positive steps towards removing discrimination. Even so, it is claimed that the underlying discriminatory provision of preventing the monarch from belonging to the Roman Catholic faith remains, thus Protestant domination which existed in 1700 still remains today. Therefore, whilst religious freedom undoubtedly exists, religious equality does not because of establishment of the COE.[17] This position was clarified by the Monarch in 2012 where she said à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the Church has a duty to protect the free practice of all faiths in this countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [18] however with the current existence of discriminatory provisions and with an increase in the practice of non-Christian religions, the notion of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“protecting all faithsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  seems a distinct reality. There is huge anticipation surrounding the next possible monarch over whether establishment would still remain especially as he expressed his desire to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Defender of Faithà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [19] rather than à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Defender of the Faithà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which represents a more inclusive and compatible approach to modern society. The Appointment of Bishops Act 1534 provides for the bishops to sit in the HLà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s through the nomination by the monarch. Since 2007 the Prime Minister no longer plays an active role in the selection of individual candidates[20] and as the role was transferred to the Crown. The presence of bishops in the HL is unique as it is the only national legislature with such religious representation[21] with the number limited to 26 in the Bishop of Ma nchester Act[22]. Although establishment justifies the presence of bishops in the HL critics argue that this gives preference to the Christian faith and thus their presence is not beneficial for other religious denominations. This problem was acknowledged by both parliament and the government and after the 1997 elections the issue of wider religious representation has been considered as part of Lords reform.[23] The Royal Commission on the reform of the HL highlighted how having representation from only one faith was unfair and the Wakeham Commission also stressed how there was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“no direct or logical connection between the establishment of the Church of England and the presence of COEÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °bishops in the Second Chamber.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [24] The Wakeham Commission also proposed a reduction in the number of bishops from 26 to 16.[25] The COE itself endorsed a move towards wider representation as part of plans for a new reformed HL and it als o said that it was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“willing to speak in Parliament for its Christian partners and for the people of other faiths and noneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[26] Despite the best efforts of the Commission to broaden representation, the government claimed that the practical obstacles would be too great and not all faiths have a hierarchical structure which allows the identification of religious representatives.[27] These concerns were also supported by a constitution unit which highlighted the practicalities and difficulties of reaching an agreement that would satisfy all religious groups.[28] The privileged position of bishops in the HL has been a huge concern for many years however the favourable position does not diminish the value of other faith groups. Anna Harlow[29] conducted a questionnaire with regard to the role of the bishops and more than half felt that their position allowed them to represent faiths generally and not just the COE. The bishops also commented on how they hav e frequent contact with other religious groups on both religious and national matters.[30] This positive approach towards establishment has also been supported by religious representatives with Tariq Modood[31] amongst others who argued that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“as long as the COE can preside over the multifaith situation with sensitivity, tolerance, respect and non-interference, there should be no resentment of its special relationship with the British state.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [32] Bishop Micheal Nazir-Ali also supports the current structure by arguing that the COE retains a special place in society and allows à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“voiceless people to be heard.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [33] History has provided the COE with guaranteed institutional representation[34] in the HL however these anachronistic privileges play a useful part in modern democracy. Having religious representation in the HOL is beneficial to all faith groups and ensures religion retains a special place in modern society and after 20 07 with the PM less active in the appointment of bishops, it promotes the autonomous nature of the COE. Proposals for a wholly elected HL therefore should not be supported as it would disregard the importance of bishops in the HL and there would undoubtedly be no room for bishops to sit in the HL under a wholly elected chamber. The established position of the COE also impacts upon the ordinary lives of citizens in areas such as education and prisons which is commonly referred to as low establishment. The Education Act 1996 states that a Standing Advisory Committee on Religious Education must decide the content of religious education and the COE has a reserved position in the committee. Even though this provides a privileged seat for the COE it does not diminish the importance of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“other religions represented in Great Britain.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [35] This favourable position for the COE is a sign of establishment[36] and also provides full religious coverage regardless of the number professing the Anglican faith. Nevertheless, the mandatory coverage of the COE should be maintained as a religious aspect to education provides a sense of identification for many members of modern society who are religious. The Prison Act 1952[37] holds that every prison must have a chaplain irrespective of the number of prisoners who profess the Anglican faith. This further indicates the effects of establishment of the COE however it is important to note that the chaplain has a duty towards all inmates.[38] These two examples of low establishment demonstrate the privileged position of the COE as a result of establishment however they by no means belittle other faiths and a positive approach towards other faiths is demanded which is compatible with a modern democracy. Scottish Model The relationship of the COS with the state is regulated by the Church of Scotland Act 1921 and the act supplemented with the Articles Declaratory provides freedom to the church in its m ission.[39] Article IV is the most important as it provides for the independence of the church including the right to be involved in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“all questions concerning membership and office in the church.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [40] Scotland enjoys what is regarded as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“light establishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [41] and the position differs from that in England. The monarch is not the Supreme Governor of the COS however they must commit to preserving the church and the Presbyterian government. Unlike the English position, royal assent is not required for legislation and COS members are void of the right to sit in the Lords. A further indication of the separation of church and state is the distinction of matters spiritual however the relevant case of Percy[42] which concerned sex discrimination and acknowledged the right of the church to deal with such matters, held that contracts between a church and its ministers can have effect in law, casting doubt on what constitutes matters spiritual.[43] The Scottish position seems to promote autonomy and freedom of the church and many view this model as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an example to be emulated.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [44] In addition to this Hastings also praised the Scottish establishment model by saying it is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a system in which religion is accepted as not being subject to State authority but bearer of a kind of independent sovereignty which merits public recognition.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [45] State Church systems in other EU States It is also worth considering how establishment operates in member states across Europe. A comparative approach will be taken in relation to the systems in both Denmark and Greece. The Danish system encompasses a high degree of state involvement in the Church, with the Danish constitution stating that the church à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“is to be supported by the state in its economic, legal and political relations.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [46] The Danish church has a relatively low level of autonomy, with church regulation in the hands of the Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs due to the inexistence of an internal synod with legislative capabilities. Their functions include approving the appointment of clergy, which is reflective of the COE position until 2007 which saw less involvement from the PM. In comparison, the position of Greece is more liberal and state control is minimal. The Greek constitution states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the orthodox church is autocephalousà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [47] providing for its autonomous nature and the Holy Synod enjoys legislative functions as it can create canon law which differs from the position in Denmark. One similarity exists between the Greek and English model in that state authorisation is required for appointments and nominations to the church. This analysis highlights the differences between state models, but more importantly emphasises how the UK is not the only state in modern times with a highly established system. By comparing tw o distinct models like Denmark and Greece, it shows the usefulness of our present system and how gradually our present system can be improved through observing other states rather than seeking immediate disestablishment. Conclusion A British Social Attitudes survey demonstrated that in a time period of 25 years, those prepared to say that they had no religion rose from 31% to 41% and that 50% of respondents claimed that they were Christian[48] therefore the question needs to be asked whether the establishment of the COE is compatible with a modern democracy. The privileged position of one faith in the Lords is offensive as it implies that only those people are qualified to carry out those functions.[49] However, representatives of minority faiths have supported the current system and it is argued that at least some members of religious minorities would feel more isolated and detached in a disestablished state than under the present one.[50] The monarchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s posi tion with regard to the COE is based on anachronistic principles and is not reflective of modern society however the position of bishops in the Lords differs as they perform important representative functions and uphold the importance of religion especially during times when religion itself is declining. An established COE is compatible within a pluralistic society and is more importantly supported by Article 9 of the ECHR[51] , where case law has provided authority that there is no religious discrimination provided the state does not compel such practices upon its citizens. Although the current system has its flaws like every other system, a process of gradual change is more appropriate rather than seeking a radical solution such as disestablishment and there are alternative models, such as the Scottish model, present in modern times that can provide a platform to bring about change. Bibliography: Books Russell Sandberg, Law and Religion (Cambridge University Press, New York 2011) Fabian Society, The Future of the Monarchy (Fabian Society, London, 2003) Tariq Modood, Church, State and Religious Minorities (Policies Studies Institute, London 1997) The Constitution Unit, University College London, Comparative Study of Second Chambers (London: University College, 2002) Cases Aston Cantlow v. Wallbank [2004] 1 AC 456 Percy v Church of Scotland Board of National Mission (2005) UKHL 73 Journal Articles Brazier, R. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Legislating about the Monarchyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2007) Cambridge Law Journal, 86 Cranmer,F. Doe, N. and Harlow, A. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Bishops in the House of Lords: A Critical Analysisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2008) PL, 490 McClean, D. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Changing Legal Framework of Establishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2004) Ecc. 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L.J. 66 [2]Oliva, J. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Church, State and Establishment in the UK in the 21st Century: Anachronism or Idiosyncrasy?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2010) Public Law, 482 [3] Ogilvie M.H, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"What is a Church by Law established?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1990) 28 Osgoode Hall L.J. 179 [4] Aston Cantlow v. Wallbank [2004] 1 AC 456 [5] Oliva (n 2) [6] Oliva, J (n 2) [7] Act of Supremacy 1559 [8] Coronation Oath Act 1688 [9] Act of Settlement 1700 [10] Leigh, I. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"By law established? The Crown, Constitutional Reform and the Church of Englandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2004) P.L. 269 [11]Oliva (n 2) [12]lt;https://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/MaryIIWilliamIIIandTheActofSettlement/TheActofSettlement.aspxgt; accessed 11 March 2014 [13] Human Rights Act 1998 [14] Fabian Society, The Future of the Monarchy (Fabian Society, London, 2003) [15] Fabian Society (n 14) [16] Fabian Society (n 14) [17] Morris, B. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" Succession to the crown bill: possible untoward effectsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2013) Ecc. L.J. , 189 [18] Morris (n 17) [19] Oliva (n 2) [20] Green Paper on the Governance of Britain published on July 3 2007 declared that the PM should not play an active role in selecting candidates [21] R M Morris, Church and State in 21st Century Britain, (Palgrave Macmillan Publishing 2009) 45 [22] Bishop of Manchester Act 1847 [23] Cranmer,F. Doe, N. and Harlow, A. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Bishops in the House of Lords: A Critical Analysisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2008) PL, 490 [24] Harlow (n 23) [25] The Wakeham Commission also proposed that 5 out of the 10 remaining seats be awarded to members of non-Christian communities [26] Harlow (n 23) [27] Oliva (n 2) [28] The Constitution Unit, University College London, Com parative Study of Second Chambers (London: University College, 2002) 35 [29] Harlow (n 23) [30] Harlow (n 23) [31] Modood, T. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Introduction: Establishment, Reform and Multiculturalismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , in Modood (ed.),Church, State and Religious Minorities, 1997 (p13) [32] Oliva (n 2) [33] Oliva (n 2) [34] Harlow (n 23) [35] Education Act 1996 s.375(3) [36] Oliva (n 2) [37] The Prison Act 1952 s.7(1) [38] Oliva (n 2) [39] McClean, D. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Changing Legal Framework of Establishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2004) Ecc. 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